摘要
摘要:农业面源污染研究多聚焦于田块尺度，缺少对区域尺度氮磷损失风险和消减途径的探索。因此，本研究提出在区域尺度依据养分损失风险制定管理策略，以期在现有技术条件下充分发挥减排措施潜力、全面提升面源污染区域阻控效力。本文利用水质监测数据、文献数据、地理要素空间数据和基于NUFER（NUtrient flows in Food chains，Environment and Resources use）模型模拟的养分损失结果，划定了我国养分损失脆弱区；在此基础上，按照我国农业生态区划和养分损失脆弱区级别确定了各区养分管控程度，并结合各区自然和社会经济条件选取可行、高效的养分管理技术，形成了我国氮磷淋溶区域消减策略和技术列单；最后通过模型再次评估了分区氮磷消减策略的效果。结果表明：养分损失脆弱区和潜在脆弱区覆盖了全国耕地面积的52%，广泛分布于主要农产品产区，呈现显著的空间聚集特征；分区养分管理可以消减51%的潜在脆弱区面积，消减潜力较大的区域集中在东北、长江中下游和西南地区；氮淋溶强度超过22.6 kg·hm^-2的区域覆盖耕地面积3.1×10⁷ hm²，通过实施基于养分损失脆弱区的分区氮磷消减措施，氮淋溶超标区内耕地面积减少至1.9×10⁷ hm²，消减比例约为40%。上述养分损失脆弱性区划和区域氮磷消减草案可为农业绿色发展和面源污染控制提供科学依据。
关键词:氮磷淋溶/
农业面源污染/
养分损失脆弱区/
农业生态区/
区域消减策略
Abstract:Agricultural non-point source pollution control research has primarily focused on field-level technology development rather than regional mitigation options, reducing their large-scale effectiveness. This study proposed the mitigation strategies based on nutrient-loss risk at the regional level to achieve full potential of mitigation technologies. Nutrient-loss vulnerable zones (NLVZ) in China were designed from water quality monitoring and nutrient flow data and natural condition spatial characteristics. Based on the NLVZ, hierarchical management according to regional vulnerabilities were adopted, zone-specific mitigation methods based on natural and socio-economic conditions were selected, and regional mitigation strategies and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) leaching technique lists were developed. Furthermore, using the NUtrient flows in Food chains, Environment and Resources model (NUFER), the effects of regional mitigation strategies were evaluated. The results indicated that NLVZ and potential NLVZ covered 52% of Chinese croplands and were widely distributed in major agricultural production areas. Regional mitigation strategies reduced potential NLVZ by 51%, particularly in the Northeast and Southwest China and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Regional mitigation strategies reduced leaching by approximately 40% in cultivated areas with high N leaching (>22.6 kg(N)·hm^-2), from 3.1×10⁷ kg(N)·hm^-2 to 1.9×10⁷ kg(N)·hm^-2. Designing regional mitigation strategies based on NLVZ reduced nonpoint source pollution, promoting ecological agricultural development in China.
Key words:Nitrogen and phosphorus leaching/
Agricultural non-point source pollution/
Nutrient losses vulnerable zone/
Agro-ecological zone/
Regional mitigation strategies



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