摘要:为探明山西省红芸豆的氮素需求规律与分配特征，并明确其适宜施氮量，以‘英国红’为试验材料，通过田间试验，系统监测了不同生育时期红芸豆干物质和养分的累积与分配特征，并研究了氮肥施用水平对红芸豆产量、氮素利用效率的影响。分别在山西省中部农业科学院东阳试验基地和西部地区岢岚县曹家沟村进行试验。东阳试验基地设置了4个氮水平（kg·hm-2）处理，分别为0（N1）、60（N2）、120（N3）和180（N4）；岢岚县曹家沟村设置5个氮水平（kg·hm-2）处理，分别为0（N1）、60（N2）、120（N3）、180（N4）和240（N5）。结果表明，红芸豆在不同氮肥处理间籽粒产量、生物量和氮素累积量均表现出显著差异：籽粒产量随氮肥施用量的增加呈单峰曲线变化，两个试验点均表现为N3处理产量最高，分别为2 359.89 kg·hm-2和2 452.26 kg·hm-2，产量差异主要来自百粒重；干物质累积随生育进程呈现“慢—快—慢”的增长趋势，两个试验点均表现出N3处理单株籽粒所占总干物质比重最高，分别为49.97%与47.65%；植株氮素累积与分配与干物质累积的变化趋势大致相同，两个试验点单株籽粒最高含氮量分别在N4（东阳）和N3（岢岚）处理，分别为每株0.72 g和0.99 g。说明合理的氮肥施用可以提高籽粒的干物质累积量和氮素的转运效率，显著提高了红芸豆植株干物质向籽粒中的转移率，增加了植株对氮素的吸收和转运能力。山西省中部地区红芸豆推荐氮肥施用量为110.36 kg·hm-2，西部地区为126.31 kg·hm-2。
关键词:红芸豆/
籽粒产量/
施氮量/
氮素需求/
氮肥利用效率
Abstract:Red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is one of the most important miscellaneous grain crops in Shanxi Province. However, its nitrogen requirement pattern has not been investigated, which has impeded nitrogen management. This research evaluated the nitrogen requirement pattern of the red kidney bean cultivar 'British Red' in Shanxi Province, China. The field experiments were conducted at Dongyang Agricultural Experimental Station, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences (central area of Shanxi Province), and at Caojiagou Village in Kelan County (western part of Shanxi Province). Four nitrogen application rates: 0 kg·hm-2 (N1), 60 kg·hm-2 (N2), 120 kg·hm-2 (N3), and 180 kg·hm-2 (N4), were applied at Dongyang, and five application rates: 0 kg·hm-2 (N1), 60 kg·hm-2 (N2), 120 kg·hm-2 (N3), 180 kg·hm-2 (N4), and 240 kg·hm-2 (N5), were applied at Kelan. The accumulation and distribution of biomass and nitrogen uptake in different parts of the plants were monitored during the growth period. The grain yields and nitrogen translocation efficiencies at different nitrogen application rates were also determined. The results showed that there were significant differences in grain yield, biomass, and nitrogen accumulation among different nitrogen application treatments. The grain yield against nitrogen application rates analysis produced an odd peak curve, and the highest grain yields were found in the N3 treatment, which were 2 359.89 kg·hm-2 and 2 452.26 kg·hm-2 at the two field experimental sites, respectively. The hundred-grain weight was the main contributory factor to the yield difference. The dry biomass accumulation showed a pattern of "slow-fast-slow" as red kidney bean growth progressed. The highest percentage of grain in the biomass was recorded in the N3 treatment, and reached 49.97% at Dongyang and 47.65% at Kelan, respectively. The nitrogen uptakes by grain in the N4 (Dongyang) and N3 (Kelan) treatments were 0.72 g·plant-1 and 0.99 g·plant-1, respectively, which were higher than in the other treatments. In conclusion, the application of reasonable rates of nitrogen improved the translocation of nitrogen from vegetative parts to grain and helped improve nitrogen uptake by grain and its translocation efficiency, which might be the mechanism underlying the grain yield increase. The appropriate nitrogen application rate is 110.36 kg·hm-2 in the central area of Shanxi Province and 126.31 kg·hm-2 in the western part of the province, which can be finely adjusted according to the actual soil fertility and variety.
Key words:Red kidney bean/
Grain yield/
Nitrogen application rate/
Nitrogen demand/
Nitrogen use efficiency
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