摘要:稻虾共作模式是我国长江中下游地区一种新兴的稻田复合种养生态模式，研究稻虾共作系统中氮（N）和磷（P）的循环特征及盈亏状况，对合理调控稻虾共作系统养分循环和平衡，指导系统N和P优化管理具有重要的意义。本文通过田间试验，采用投入产出法，以中稻单作模式作为对照，研究了稻虾共作模式下N和P的循环特征及平衡状况。结果表明：克氏原螯虾子系统N和P的输出/输入比分别为0.62和0.44，且子系统中N和P以饲料输入最大，占总输入的92.9%和96.4%，以成虾N和P输出最大，分别占总输出的53.3%和59.5%；在目前投入水平下，两种模式土壤子系统中N和P表观平衡均出现盈余，且稻虾共作模式土壤子系统N的盈余量高于中稻单作模式，而P的盈余量则低于中稻单作模式；稻虾共作模式和中稻单作模式的N和P输出/输入比均小于1，且稻虾共作模式的N和P输出/输入比均小于中稻单作模式；稻虾共作模式增加了土壤截存的N和P量，其土壤截存的N和P量较中稻单作模式分别提高49.2 kg·hm-2和9.1 kg·hm-2；稻虾共作模式提高了系统N和P表观损失量，其系统N和P表观损失量较中稻单作模式分别提高10.2 kg·hm-2和1.0 kg·hm-2。可见稻虾共作模式降低了N和P输出/输入比，促进了土壤中N和P的累积，但增加了系统N和P表观损失量。
关键词:稻虾共作模式/
养分循环/
养分平衡/
氮磷
Abstract:The integrated rice-crayfish system is an emerging complex ecological system of planting and breeding in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China. The study of N and P cycling characteristics and the profit and loss status of N and P in the integrated rice-crayfish system is of great significance to rationally regulate the nutrient cycling and balancing of the integrated rice-crayfish system and guide the optimal management of the N and P. In this study, a field experiment was conducted to study the cycling characteristics and apparent balance of N and P under the integrated rice-crayfish system using an input-output method, with the rice monoculture system as the control. The results showed that the output/input ratios of N and P in the crayfish subsystem were 0.62 and 0.44, respectively. Inside the crayfish subsystem, the N and P were the largest in the feed input, accounting for 92.9% and 96.4% of the total input, respectively; the output of adult crayfish N and P was the largest, accounting for 53.3% and 59.5% of the total output, respectively. Under the current input levels, the apparent balance of both N and P in the soil subsystems of the two systems were in surplus, and the surplus of N in the soil subsystem of the integrated rice-crayfish system was higher than that of the rice monoculture system, while the surplus of P was lower than that of the rice monoculture system. The N and P output/input ratios of the integrated rice-crayfish system and the rice monoculture system were both less than 1, and the N and P output/input ratio of the integrated rice-crayfish system were less than that of the rice monoculture system. The integrated rice-crayfish system increased the amount of N and P in sequestered soil, and the N and P levels in sequestered soil of the integrated rice-crayfish system were higher than those of the rice monoculture system by 49.2 kg·hm-2 and 9.1 kg·hm-2, respectively. The integrated rice-crayfish system increased the apparent loss of N and P in the system, and the apparent losses of N and P of the integrated rice-crayfish system were higher than those of the rice monoculture system by 10.2 kg·hm-2 and 1.0 kg·hm-2, respectively. It can be seen that the integrated rice-crayfish system reduces the output/input ratio of N and P and promotes the accumulation of N and P in the soil but increases the apparent loss of N and P in the system.
Key words:Integrated rice-crayfish system/
Nutrient cycling/
Nutrient balance/
Nitrogen and phosphorus
PDF全文下载地址:
http://www.ecoagri.ac.cn/article/exportPdf?id=745ed957-eb8e-4ff4-b3b9-ec30e054c928
