摘要
摘要:微润灌溉作为一种新型地下连续灌溉节水技术，可为农业水肥一体化提供有效载体。为探明不同生物质掺混比例下竖插式微润灌溉施肥湿润体内水分和养分的分布规律，开展室内入渗试验，设置3个肥液浓度（清水F₀：0 g·L^-1；低浓度F_L：0.2 g·L^-1；高浓度F_H：0.4 g·L^-1）和4个土壤生物质（花生壳粉末）掺混比例（无掺混B₀：0；低掺混B_L：1.5%；中掺混B_M：3.0%；高掺混B_H：4.5%），研究微润灌溉施肥湿润体内土壤含水率、硝态氮、速效磷和速效钾的分布特性。结果表明：掺混生物质后湿润体内水肥分布范围显著增大，而肥液浓度对水肥分布范围的影响不显著。土壤水肥含量随着与微润管水平距离的增加而逐渐减小，水肥含量最大值出现在微润管周围。在与微润管水平距离为0~10 cm范围内，土壤含水率和硝态氮分布较均匀，速效磷和速效钾则形成累积区。肥液浓度和生物质掺混比例对湿润体内水肥含量均值影响显著。与F₀相比，增加肥液浓度提高土壤含水率和养分（硝态氮、速效磷和速效钾）含量均值3.94%~14.09%和124.92%~458.05%；与B₀相比，增大生物质掺混比例提高土壤含水率和养分含量均值12.89%~33.32%和28.37%~115.44%。微润灌溉施肥湿润体内土壤含水率和硝态氮的分布均匀性较高，而速效磷和速效钾分布均匀性较低。增大肥液浓度和生物质掺混比例可提高湿润体内土壤含水率和硝态氮的分布均匀系数，而降低速效磷和速效钾的分布均匀系数。微润灌溉施肥湿润体内水肥含量均值与至微润管水平距离的关系符合四参数Log-logistic模型。总之，在土壤中掺混生物质有利于微润灌溉施肥下水分和养分的运移，增加肥液浓度和土壤生物质掺混比例可显著提高湿润体内的水肥含量，增大水分和硝态氮的分布均匀性，促使速效磷和速效钾在微润管周围的累积量增多。研究结果可为微润灌溉水肥一体化技术提供理论依据和实践参考。
关键词:微润灌溉施肥/
肥液浓度/
生物质掺混/
水肥分布/
均匀系数
Abstract:Moistube irrigation is a new water-saving technology for continuous underground irrigation that can provide an effective carrier for agricultural fertigation technology. In order to investigate the mode of distribution of water and nutrients in wetted soils in moistube fertigation in vertical insert mode under different proportions of biomass mixture of soil, a series of indoor soil box infiltration simulation experiments were carried out using peanut shell power as mixed biomass. In the experiments, three fertilizer solution concentrations (F₀:pure water at 0 g·L^-1; F_L:low concentration at 0.2 g·L^-1; and F_H:high concentration at 0.4 g·L^-1) and four proportions of biomass mixture (B₀:no mixing at 0; B_L:low mixing at 1.5%; B_M:moderate mixing at 3.0%; and B_H:high mixing at 4.5%) were designed to study the distribution characteristics of soil water content, nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in wetted soils under moistube fertigation in vertical insert mode. The results showed that the distribution areas of water and nutrients significantly expended after biomass mixture, but fertilizer solution concentration had no significant effect on the distribution areas of water and nutrients. Water and nutrients contents gradually decreased with increasing horizontal distance from moistube in wetted soils and the maximum water and nutrients contents occurred just next to the moistube. The distribution of soil water and nitrate nitrogen were more uniform, while available phosphorus and available potassium formed accumulation area within 0-10 cm in the horizontal distance from the moistube. Fertilizer solution concentration and mixing proportion of biomass significantly influenced the mean contents of water and nutrients in the wetted soils. Compared with F₀, mean soil water content and soil nutrients (nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium) contents increased with increasing fertilizer solution concentration respectively by 3.94%-14.09% and 124.92%-458.05%. Mean soil water content and soil nutrients contents increased with increasing proportion of biomass mixture respectively by 12.89%-33.32% and 28.37%-115.44%, compared with those of B₀. The distribution uniformity of soil water and nitrate nitrogen was higher, but that of available phosphorus and available potassium was lower in the wetted soils under moistube fertigation in vertical insert mode. The distribution uniformity coefficient of soil water and nitrate nitrogen increased with increasing fertilizer solution concentration and biomass mixing proportion, while that of available phosphorus and available potassium decreased in the wetted soils. The relationship between mean soil water and nutrients and horizontal distance from the moistube conformed to the fourth log-Logistic model in the wetted soils under moistube fertigation in vertical insert mode. In summary, mixing biomass with soil was improved water and nutrients movement in the wetted soils under moistube fertigation in vertical insert mode. Also increasing the concentration of fertilizer solution and proportion of soil biomass mixture significantly increased soil water and nutrients contents. This in turn increased the uniformity of soil water and nitrate nitrogen, and promoted the accumulation of available phosphorus and available potassium around moistube. The research results provided solid theoretical basis and practical reference for moistube fertigation technology.
Key words:Moistube fertigation/
Fertilizer solution concentration/
Biomass mixture of soil/
Water and nutrients distribution/
Uniformity coefficient



PDF全文下载地址:

http://www.ecoagri.ac.cn/article/exportPdf?id=9af73ff9-be78-491c-a519-bc9393b1c6e8