摘要:建立梨果气候品质评价方法是开展气候品质评价工作的技术基础。本研究选取1996—2015年原位监测的砀山酥梨（原产地砀山县）品质因素值和同期气象监测资料，根据相关研究成果和专家知识，采用相关分析、经验函数与阶梯函数、层次分析、逐步回归、概率分位数和加权之和等方法，在厘清关键品质因素和影响气象因子的基础上，建立砀山酥梨气候品质等级评价方法，并对气候品质进行评价。结果表明：决定砀山酥梨气候品质优劣的10个关键品质因素为果面完整度、果面锈度、果形指数、最大单果重、平均单果重、一级果率、等外果率、果实酥脆度、含糖率和石细胞度，关键气象影响因子28个。砀山酥梨气候品质由外观和内在气候品质指数加权之和后的气候品质综合指数表征，并划分为“特优”、“优”、“良”、“一般”4个等级，相应阈值为≥3.5、2.5~3.5、1.5~2.5、 < 1.5，外观与内在气候品质指数权重为0.70和0.30。构成外观气候品质指数的果面完整度、果面锈度、果形指数、最大单果重、平均单果重、一级果率、等外果率等7个因素的权重分别为0.376 1、0.232 8、0.108 8、0.074 9、0.088 6、0.088 7和0.029 9，构成内在气候品质指数的酥脆度、含糖率和石细胞度3个因素的权重分别为0.637 6、0.104 6和0.257 8。各品质因素由相应关键气象因子构建的量化模型表征。利用实测气象资料确定2016年砀山县9月下旬采摘的砀山酥梨气候品质综合指数为2.58，判定为“优”级，与实际相符。本研究建立的评价模型可作为砀山酥梨气候品质评价方法。
关键词:砀山酥梨/
关键品质因素/
气象因子/
气候品质指数
Abstract:Establishing methods for the evaluation of effects of climate on quality of pear fruit is the technical basis for assessing climate quality of fruits. This study used selected quality factors of Dangshansu pea for in situ monitoring and contemporaneous meteorological data in Dangshansu pear planting area for the period 1996-2015, and clarified the key quality factors of Dangshansu pear and the driving meteorological factors. Based on relevant research and expert knowledge, the correlation analyses, empirical functions and stepwise functions, ranked analyses, stepwise regressions, probability quantiles and weighted sums were used to establish the evaluating method of climatic effect on Dangshansu pear quality. The quality of Dangshansu pear was assessed by using the established method. The results showed that the ten key quality factors that reflected the climate quality of Dangshansu pear were fruit surface integrity, fruit surface rust, fruit shape index, maximum single fruit weight, average fruit weight, first-fruit rate, substandard fruit rate, fruit crispness, fruit sugar content and fruit stone cell degree. The 28 key meteorological factors determined the quality of Dangshansu pear. The climate quality of Dangshansu pear was characterized by composite index of climate quality which was the weighted sum of apparent climate quality index and intrinsic climate quality index. Climate quality was divided into four levels:extra excellent, excellent, good and general. The corresponding thresholds of comprehensive index of climate quality were ≥ 3.5, 2.5-3.5, 1.5-2.5 and < 1.5. The weights of apparent climate quality index and intrinsic climate quality index were 0.70 and 0.30, respectively. The weights of fruit surface integrity, fruit surface rust, fruit shape index, maximum single fruit weight, average fruit weight, first-fruit rate and substandard fruit rate that constituted the apparent quality index of climate quality index were 0.376 1, 0.232 8, 0.108 8, 0.074 9, 0.088 6, 0.088 7 and 0.029 9, respectively. The weights of crunchiness, sugar content and stone cell degree of fruits that comprised intrinsic climatic quality index were 0.637 6, 0.104 6 and 0.257 8, respectively. Each quality factor was described by a quantitative model constructed with corresponding key meteorological factors. The comprehensive index of climate quality of Dangshansu pear picked in late September in Dangshan County in 2016 was 2.58 — which was judged as "excellent" and consistent with actual conditions. The evaluation model established in this study was practicable for evaluating climate quality of Dangshansu pear.
Key words:Dangshansu pear/
Key quality factor/
Meteorological factor/
Climate quality index
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