摘要:为了改善大面积生产的水稻稻米品质，2015年和2016年以杂交中稻优质稻品种‘旌优127’、高产品种‘Ⅱ优602’为材料，通过分期播种并设置高氮低密与低氮高密两种栽培方式，研究了杂交中稻品种、气候及栽培方式互作对稻米品质的影响。结果表明，随着播种期推迟，整精米率、长宽比呈升高趋势，垩白度、胶稠度呈下降趋势，垩白粒率则呈"V"字型变化；高氮低密与低氮高密两个栽培方式间稻米品质差异不显著，栽培方式与年度、品种、播种期对稻米品质的互作效应均不显著；整精米率、垩白度、垩白粒率、长宽比同时受年度、播种期和品种的互作效应显著，胶稠度在年度和品种间互作效应显著，直链淀粉含量在播种期和品种间互作效应显著。对稻米品质影响程度的降序排列是品种、气候、栽培方式。有利于提高稻米品质的气象条件为：播种-移栽相对湿度小、日平均气温高，移栽-拔节期日平均气温低、日照时数少，拔节-齐穗期日最高气温低、日最低气温高、日均相对湿度低，齐穗-成熟期日照时数少。水稻抽穗前的气象因子通过改变穗粒结构而间接影响米质，抽穗后温度升高引起籽粒灌浆速度加快致稻米品质下降。
关键词:杂交中稻/
品种/
气象因子/
栽培方式/
稻米品质
Abstract:In order to improve rice quality for large-scale rice production, a field experiment on mid-season hybrid rice varieties of 'ⅡY602' (high yield variety) and 'JY127' (high quality variety) was conducted in 2015-2016 under two cultivation methods[HNLD, high N and low density (pure nitrogen 210 kg·hm-2, 90 000 points·hm-2); LNHD:low N and high density (pure nitrogen 105 kg·hm-2, 180 000 points·hm-2)] in 5 sowing dates (5 March, 25 March, 20 April, 4 May, 24 May). The experiment aimed at to clarify the effects of meteorological factors at different growth stages on quality of different rice varieties under different cultivation measures. The experimental results showed that with delayed seeding time, head rice rate and length to width ratio increased; chalkiness, gel consistency decreased; and chalky grain rate in "V" type changed. There were no significant difference between two cultivation methods of high N and low density and low N and high density in all rice quality indexes and no interaction effects of rice cultivation modes, variety and seeding time. There were significant interaction effects of year, seeding time and rice variety on head rice rate, chalkiness, chalky grain rate and length-to-width ratio. Significant interaction effects were also observed between year and rice varieties in gel consistency and between seeding time and rice variety in amylose content. The descending order of influence on rice quality was:variety, climate and planting mode. Meteorological conditions required to improve rice quality included small relative humidity, high daily average temperature for the period from sowing and transplanting; low average temperature, less sunshine hours from transplanting to jointing; low daily highest temperature, high daily minimum temperature and low daily average relative humidity for the period from jointing to full-heading; and less sunshine hours for the period from full-heading to mature. The meteorological factors indirectly impacted rice quality through changing grain structure before heading in hybrid rice. High temperature after grain-filling reduced rice quality. The study provided scientific basis for high-quality rice cultivation.
Key words:Mid-season hybrid rice/
Variety/
Meteorological factor/
Cultivation method/
Rice quality
PDF全文下载地址:
http://www.ecoagri.ac.cn/article/exportPdf?id=4fa83cbd-81f3-4ad3-a32a-5248a72390c9
