摘要:为减缓高温热害对水稻生产的影响，从品种出发探讨高温抗性，是水稻科研的优先领域和重大问题。本文参考农业部发布的高温行业标准评价指标，在水稻开花期，于人工气候室高温和常温处理条件下，对本课题组新育成的恢复系及生产上常用恢复系成恢727的配组品种（组合）等进行了耐高温特性鉴定，并将恢复系和品种（组合）耐热性分为5个等级。筛选鉴定出1个极耐热恢复系R4093、9个耐热恢复系（其中包括丰产性较好的恢复系，如R1015、R107等）、4个极耐热品种（组合）和25个耐热品种（组合），以及5个极不耐热恢复系、12个不耐热品种（组合）和6个极不耐热品种（组合）等。其中，耐高温对照N22、恢复系R103、R132、R642、杂交水稻品种（组合）‘川优5727’、‘宜香2115’、‘繁源A×R642’、‘中64香A×黄占’、‘川农优华占’、‘蓉18A×R1015’、‘渝香6203’和‘川优5727’在本试验中的常温结实率和相对结实率均高于70%，虽然被鉴定为中间型材料，但具有较大的耐高温潜力。试验还讨论了水稻品种的生产布局。结果表明：第Ⅰ级和第Ⅱ级品种耐高温性较好，可布局在高温易发区、高温轻发区和无高温区；第Ⅲ类品种为中间型，可布局在高温轻发区和无高温区；第Ⅳ类和第Ⅴ类品种为不耐热型和极不耐热型，可布局在无高温区，以避免高温对水稻的伤害。研究还发现父（母）本耐高温性好，不一定品种（组合）耐高温性都好，而父（母）本耐高温性不好，其品种（组合）耐高温性也不一定不好，这与父（母）本的耐高温性及配合力有关。耐热配合力好的父（母）本配出的组合多为耐热型组合，耐热配合力差的父（母）本配出的组合多为不耐热型组合。其中，恢复系R105、R642、R104和R727耐高温配合力较好，但恢复系R107、R1015耐高温配合力相对较差。不育系赣73A和内香6A的耐高温配合力较好，而繁源A、606A、608A和中64香A的耐高温配合力较差。优质稻中‘金10’耐高温配合力较好。为了更好更多地育成耐热性强的杂交稻组合，筛选耐热配合力高的亲本是关键。
关键词:农业行业标准/
杂交水稻/
恢复系/
高温热害/
耐热性/
父(母)本/
配合力
Abstract:In order to reduce the impact of high temperature stress on rice, it is a priority importance in research to explore resistance of rice varieties to high temperature. Reference to industry standard evaluation index for high temperature issued by the Ministry of Agriculture, high temperature resistance characteristics of newly bred restorer lines and commonly used restorer line 'Chenghui727' were identified in production at the highest temperature of 38℃ and normal temperature treatment in artificially-controlled climatic conditions. Combinations of the restorer lines and varieties were divided into five grades. The heat resistance of different parents and hybrid rice combinations was also analyzed at artificially controlled high temperature and room temperature during flowering period. The results showed that:1) One extremely heat resistant restorer line R4093, 9 heat resistant restorer lines (including high fertility restorer lines such as R1015, R107, etc.), 4 extremely heat resistant varieties (combinations) and 25 heat resistant varieties (combinations), 5 extremely heat-sensitive restorer lines, 12 heat-sensitive varieties (combination) and 6 extremely heat-sensitive varieties (combination) were screened and identified. Among these, seed setting rate of high temperature resistant control N22, restoration line R103, R132 and R642, hybrid rice varieties (combination) 'Chuanyou5727', 'Yixiang2115', 'FanyuanA×R642', 'Zhong64xiangA×Huangzhan', 'Chuannongyouhuazhan', 'Rong18A×R1015', 'Yuxiang6203' and 'Chuanyou5727' were more than 70% in this experiment. Although identified as intermediate materials, these lines (varieties) had high potential for high temperature resistance, as further discussed on the production layout of rice varieties. It was concluded that high temperature resistance grade Ⅰ and grade Ⅱ were better and could be arranged in high temperature prone areas, light high temperature areas and high temperature free zones. Grade Ⅲ was an intermediate type that could be arranged in light high temperature areas and high temperature free zones. The grade Ⅳ and Ⅴ were heat sensitive and extremely heat sensitive. These lines could be arranged in a high temperature free zone to avoid high temperature damage to rice. 2) It was also found that the varieties (combinations) with high temperature resistant father (mother) were not always high temperature resistant, while those with high temperature sensitive father (mother) were not always high temperature sensitive. It was also related to the heat resistance and combining ability of the parents. The combination of parents with good heat resistance and good combining ability was mostly heat resistant, and the combination of the parents with poor heat resistance and poor combining ability was mostly heat sensitive. The results showed that the restorer lines R105, R642, R104 and R727 had better high temperature combining ability, but the combining ability of the restorer lines R107 and R1015 was relatively poor. The high temperature combining abilities of male sterile line Gan73A and Neixiang6A were better, while the high temperature combining abilities of FanyuanA, 606A, 608A and Zhong64xiangA were poor. The combination ability of conventional high quality rice variety 'Gold10' was better. Therefore, in order to breed more heat resistant hybrid rice combinations, screening parents with high heat resistant combining ability was critical.
Key words:Agricultural industry standard/
Hybrid rice/
Restorer line/
High temperature stress/
Heat resistance/
Parents/
Combining ability
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