英美文学双语教学大纲

 

课程介绍

课程名称：英美文学（English and American Literature）
课程类别：专业选修课
授课对象：中文系本科生
专 业：汉语言文学
年 级：三年级
学 时：32
编 者：赵静蓉 副教授
编写日期：2006年4月

 

教学规定

《英美文学》是中文系汉语言文学专业本科生三年级的专业选修课。总学时32学时，一学期16周，每周2学时。1至10周讲授英国文学，11至16周讲述美国文学。考试方式为开卷考试。此课程由比较文学与世界文学教研室承担。
 

教材选用

1.《英国文学教程》（上、下册），张伯香主编，武汉大学出版社2004年版；2.《美国文学史及选读》（一、二册），吴伟仁编，外语教学与研究出版社2001年版。以上教材均为英文编写，是常规纸质教材。

 

教学方法与教学手段

以课堂教学为主，采取多种实践教学方式，鼓励和激发学生自主学习。课程教学采用多媒体课件，学生自主学习采用网络课件。

 

实践性教学设计思想

创设原著情境，引导学生自行体验和重构经典文本的艺术魅力。

 

教学目标

提高学生的专业英语学习水平；培养学生的阅读兴趣和理解原著的能力；增强学生对英美文学与文化的了解。

 

课程特色

借助并建基于已有的专业英语教学和文学史教学，强化中文专业师生对文学领悟的优势，汲取外语系的语言资源，拓展传统以汉语母语教学的空间，造就中文专业运用双语教学或全英教学的独特典范，实现中国高校中文专业的外国文学研究与英语国家的英美文学教育的接轨。

课程内容

 

第一章 英国文学

学习本章，需要了解英国文学从文艺复兴时期到二十世纪的整体发展历史。文艺复兴标志着西方文明从中世纪向现代文明的转变，最初在意大利兴起而后又扩展到整个欧洲。文艺复兴是欧洲人文主义者试图摆脱古老的封建思想、传播新兴资产阶级文化的运动。英国的文艺复兴运动的主要成就表现在戏剧领域，尤其以莎士比亚及其悲喜剧为代表。十九世纪中期以至二十世纪初，在英国历史上是相当重要的一个阶段，史称“维多利亚时代”。这个时期，英国文学的主要成就集中体现在小说领域，主要代表作家是狄更斯、夏洛蒂?勃朗特、艾米莉?勃朗特、哈代等。十九世纪末二十世纪初以来，英国文学的创作主题发生了转型，表现工业文明对农业文明的侵袭和破坏，以及对两次世界大战进行反思的文学作品大量涌现。代表作家是D.H.劳伦斯和T.S.艾略特等。

 

第一节 威廉·莎士比亚

本节主要介绍莎士比亚的生平、创作背景、创作分期、代表作品及其在文学史上的地位和影响，重点分析莎士比亚的四大悲剧之一《哈姆雷特》和第十八首商籁体。莎士比亚是最伟大的戏剧家和诗人之一，在戏剧创作中擅长运用独白手段，创造了哈姆雷特、麦克白、奥赛罗、李尔王等著名的悲剧人物。

一、生平简介

二、创作背景：时代特征与剧院分类

三、创作分期：历史剧时期、悲剧时期和悲喜剧时期

四、代表作品：四大悲剧和十四行诗

五、地位影响

 

第二节 查理·狄更斯

本节主要介绍狄更斯的生平、创作背景、创作分期和创作特色，重点分析狄更斯作品中的人物形象。狄更斯是维多利亚时代最具代表性的小说家，他的作品表达了对下层人民，特别是对贫苦儿童的深切同情。

一、生平简介

二、创作背景：伦敦对狄更斯的创作影响

三、创作分期：三大时期

四、创作特色：幽默的风格，象征手法和人道主义的创作理念

五、经典赏析：《双城记》

 

第三节 勃朗特三姐妹

本节主要介绍勃朗特三姐妹共同的创作背景和她们不同的创作风格，重点分析夏洛蒂?勃朗特的《简?爱》和艾米莉?勃朗特的《呼啸山庄》。勃朗特三姐妹分别是夏洛蒂?勃朗特、艾米莉?勃朗特和安妮?勃朗特，她们从小就对文学有浓厚的兴趣。童年的不幸生活为勃朗特三姐妹的小说创作提供了丰富的素材，她们的作品描写了原始、美丽和神秘的大自然，表现了那个时代的女性为争取自由和幸福的努力。

一、创作背景：生活经历

二、创作主题：爱情和复仇，女性争取自由和幸福的斗争

三、《简·爱》：主人公的个性特征，社会批判的现实主义

四、《呼啸山庄》：独特的叙事视角，复杂的情节结构，自然与人物的相互塑造

 

第四节 托马斯·哈代

本节主要介绍哈代的生平、创作背景、创作分类、艺术特色和人物形象，重点分析哈代的《德伯家的苔丝》。哈代是维多利亚时代最后一位最重要的现实主义小说家，也是二十世纪英国的第一位伟大的诗人。他的“威塞克斯小说和诗歌”系列为我们复活了一个久已消逝的古老农村，表达了对逐渐被工业文明侵蚀的农业文明的怀念。

一、生平简介

二、创作背景：维多利亚时代特色，威塞克斯背景

三、创作分类：性格和环境小说，浪漫爱情和幻想小说，试验性小说

四、艺术特色：命运与偶然性，小说的诗性与历史感，宗教意识

五、人物形象：人物的英雄主义和神话向度，女性形象的社会与现实意义

 

第五节 D.H.劳伦斯

本节主要介绍劳伦斯的生平、生命观与文学观、创作分期、小说的象征意义，重点分析《查泰莱夫人的情人》中的主人公形象。劳伦斯是真正出身工人阶级家庭的作家，他的小说探究了人性的变异与心灵的扭曲，以此来批判工业文明对人的自然天性的摧残，在心理探索的过程中，表现了社会批判和文化批判的思想。

一、生平：母亲对劳伦斯创作的影响

二、生命观与文学观：自然观与心理现实主义

三、创作分期

四、《查泰莱夫人的情人》：女性形象的变迁，男性的生命与情感

五、小说的象征意义：人与机械，自然与文明

 

第六节 T.S.艾略特

本节主要介绍艾略特的生平、思想背景、文学批评观念、创作分期，重点分析《荒原》的思想内涵与艺术特色。艾略特是二十世纪西方最重要的现代诗人之一，他的诗歌表达了二十世纪初欧洲人对西方文明的怀疑和幻灭感，以及对西方社会的厌恶，描写了精神空虚的现代人的生存状态。

一、生平：战争与宗教对艾略特诗歌创作的影响

二、思想背景：艾略特与宗教传统、诗歌传统和文学批评传统之间的关系

三、文学批评：增强诗歌的客观性

四、创作分期

五、《荒原》：战争背景、神话起源、时间意识

 

第二章 美国文学

学习本章，需要了解美国文学在二十世纪的兴起和繁荣，了解各种现代主义思潮流派对二十世纪美国文学创作的影响。美国文学的历史比较短暂，但它的发展秉承了西方文学的优良传统，并且与二十世纪重要的社会生活事件密切相关。主要代表作家是海明威和福克纳。

 

第一节 厄纳斯特·海明威

本节主要介绍海明威的生平、创作风格和人物形象，通过对文本的“细读”，了解海明威作为“迷惘的一代”的代言人的意义，以及海明威独特的“电报体”的写作风格。海明威精通现代叙事艺术，因创作《老人与海》获得了1954年的诺贝尔文学奖。

一、生平

二、“迷惘的一代”：《太阳照常升起》

三、“硬汉形象”：《老人与海》

四、创作风格：省略，冰山文体，电报体语言

五、人物形象：亨利，桑地亚哥

 

第二节 威廉·福克纳

本节主要介绍福克纳的生平、创作主题和创作特色，重点分析《喧嚣与骚动》的写作风格。福克纳是美国最主要的小说家之一，也是二十世纪西方意识流的代表作家之一，他的作品如实地反映了美国南方的历史，被称为“约克帕纳塔法世系”小说。

一、生平

二、“南方小说”：约克帕纳塔法世系

三、《喧嚣与骚动》：题名的意义，对现代人命运的探讨

四、艺术特色：多角度叙事与全知角度叙事，意识流的运用，神话模式

 

 

Teaching program of English and American Literature

Introduction of this course

Course name: English and American Literature

Course type: Elective subject for the undergraduates of Chinese and Literature Department

Major: Chinese and Literature Department

Class hour: 32

Compiler: Zhao Jingrong, associate professor

Date: April, 2006

 

Teaching regulation

English and American Literature, given by the teaching and research section of comparative literature, is an elective subject for the Grade 3 undergraduates of Chinese and Literature Department. The full class hour is 32 which occupies one term, i. e. 16 weeks and is distributed into 2 class hours every week. English Literature will be given from the 1st to the 10th week and American Literature will cost the remainder of this term. The final examination will be an open examination.

 

Textbooks

1. Zhang Boxiang, ed. A Course Book of English Literature. Wuhan: Wuhan University Press, 2004.

2. Wu Weiren, ed. History and Anthology of American Literature. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2005.

 

Teaching methods

It focuses mainly on classroom teaching while allowing various practice teaching and stimulating the students to study independently. The former mainly uses powerpoint and the latter relies on network courseware.

 

Teaching goals

Improve the students’ standard of learning professional English, foster their reading interests and understanding abilities, strengthen their understanding for English and American literature and culture.

 

Course features

Based on the mature teaching of professional English and literary history as well as the rich sources of language from Foreign Language Department, this course uses the advantages of scholars and undergraduates majoring in Chinese and Literature to create a unique model of teaching in bilingual or in entire English. Besides it, this course not only expands the traditional field of giving the class in Chinese but also integrates the foreign literary research of Chinese and Literature Department in universities in China with literature education of English and American in English- speaking countries.

 

Course content

Chapter 1 English Literature

It is necessary to understand the whole history of English literature from the Renaissance to the 20th century. The Renaissance marked the transition from the medieval to the modern civilization. From Italy the movement went to embrace the rest of Europe which the European humanist thinkers attempted to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe and broadcasted new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie. The Renaissance in England showed its achievement especially in play. Shakespeare and his dramas were the typical and great. Victorian Era was an important era in the history of England when emerged many famous writers such as Charles Dickens, Charlotte Bront?, Emily Bront? and Thomas Hardy. From the late 19th century and the early 2oth century on, the theme of English literature shifted to disclose industrial destroying the traditional agriculture as well as reflect over the two World War. D. H. Lawrence and T. s. Eliot are representative.

 

Section 1 William Shakespeare

This section introduces Shakespeare’s biography, writing background, writing periods of his dramatic career, his representative works and his influence in the literary history. The emphasis is placed on Hamlet and Sonnet 18. Shakespeare is one of the greatest playwrights and poets. He was good at using soliloquy and created many famous characters such as Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth and King Lear.

1. Shakespeare’s biography

2. Writing background: Shakespeare’s time and troupes at his time

3. Writing periods of his dramatic career: period of history plays, period of tragedies and period of tragicomedies

4. Representative works: his four great tragedies and Sonnets

5. Shakespeare’s influence in the literary history

 

Section 2 Charles Dickens

This section mainly introduces Dickens’s biography, writing background, writing periods and writing style. It focuses mainly on the characters of his works. Dickens was the most representative novelist in Victorian Era whose novels extended author’s deep sympathy with lower- class people especially with the poor and miserable children.

1. Biography

2. Writing background: London’s influence on the writing of Dickens

3. Writing periods

4. Writing style: the style of humor, symbolic skills, the idea of humanism

5. A Tale of Two Cities

 

Section 3 Bront? sisters

This section introduces Bront? sisiters’ common writing settings and their different writing styles. In addition, this part analyzes in detail Jane Eyre and Wuthering Heights. Bront? sisters include Charlotte Bront?, Emily Bront? and Anne Bront? who all took a strong interest in literature. Bront? sisters depicted original, beautiful and mysterious nature based on their true life experience and conveyed their hopes for women at that time to struggle for their freedom and happiness.

1. Writing background: their life experience

2. Theme of their novels: love, revenge, women’s struggle for their freedom and happiness

3. Jane Eyre: the personality of protagonist, social critical realism

4. Wuthering Heights: distinctive narrative perspective, complicated structure of plot, mutual shaping between nature and characters

 

Section 4 Thomas Hardy

This section introduces Hardy’s biography, writing background, writing categories, writing style and characters. Emphasis is placed on Tess of the d'Urbervilles. Hardy was the most important realistic novelist in the late Victorian Era and the first great poet in the 20th century. His series of Wessex novels and poems gave new life to a faded village as well as expressed author’s yearning for agriculture civilization damaged by industry civilization gradually.

1. Biography

2. Writing background: the features of Victorian Era, the context of Wessex

3. Writing categories: mainly on his novels of character and environment

4. Writing style: the sense of fate and history, poetry in his novels, consciousness of religion

5. Characters: heroism, dimension of myth, social and realistic significance of female figures

 

Section 5 David Herbert Lawrence

This section introduces Lawrence’s biography, his ideas of life and literature, writing periods, symbolism in his novels. It focuses mainly on the protagonists of Lady Chatterley’s Lover. Lawrence was a true writer who was born at a miner family. His life experience led him to explore humanity in the modern society and criticize destroying the human nature by mechanism.

1. Biography: Lawrence’s mother’s influence on Lawrence

2. Ideas of life and literature

3. Writing periods

4. Lady Chatterley’s Lover: development of female figures, life and feelings of men

5. Symbolic meaning: man and mechanism, nature and civilization

 

Section 6 T. S. Eliot

This section introduces Eliot’s biography, writing background, literary criticism, writing periods. It analyzes mainly The Waste Land including its ideas and style. Eliot is one of the most important poets in the 20th century whose poems express European suspicion and disillusion on modern western civilization. His poems exhibit the true existence of modern people in western society.

1. Biography: war and religion

2. Writing background: Eliot and tradition of religion, Eliot and tradition of poem, Eliot and tradition of poetic criticism

3. Literary criticism: strengthen objectivity of poems

4. Writing period

5. The Waste Land: the war setting, the source of myth, the consciousness of time

 

Chapter 2 American Literature

It is necessary to know rising and booming of American Literature in the 20th century. Various trends of thoughts of modernism influence greatly the development of American Literature. American literary history is comparatively short. However, it inherits the outstanding tradition of western literature and involves many important social events in the 20th century. The representative writers are Ernest Hemingway and William Faulkner.

 

Section 1 Ernest Hemingway

This section introduces mainly Hemingway’s biography, writing style and characters. Hemingway was expert at modern narrative skills and got Nobel Prize for literature with his The Old Man and the Sea in 1954. It is necessary to understand Hemingway’s significance of being the spokesman for “a lost generation” and his unique literary form of telegram through the close reading of his texts.

1. Biography

2. A lost generation: The Sun Also Rises

3. “Indomitable spirit of the common man”: The Old man and the Sea

4. Writing style: omit, iceberg theory, the language of literary form of telegram

5. Characters

 

Section 2 William Faulkner

This section introduces Faulkner’s biography, themes and his writing style. It analyzes mainly the writing style of The Sound and the Fury. Faulkner is one of the most important novelists in the U. S. A. and representative writers who write stream- of – consciousness novels. Faulkner’s novels reflected the history of South of America and were called series of Yoknapatawpha.

1. Biography

2. The series of Yoknapatawpha

3. The Sound and the Fury: the title’s meaning, analysis on the fate of modern people

4. Writing style: narrative skills of poly- angle and omni- angle, stream- of – consciousness, the mode of myth