| 橡胶林种植对纳板河水生态的影响 |
| 赵娜1,2, 王兆印1, 徐梦珍1, 周雄冬1, 张晨笛1 |
| 1. 清华大学 水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室, 北京 100084; 2. 河南科技大学 农业工程学院, 洛阳 471003 |
| Influence of rubber cultivation on the aquatic ecology of the Naban River |
| ZHAO Na1,2, WANG Zhaoyin1, XU Mengzhen1, ZHOU Xiongdong1, ZHANG Chendi1 |
| 1. State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; 2. College of Agricultural Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China |
摘要:
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| 摘要西双版纳位于云南省南部, 是国际上生物多样性保护的热点地区之一。橡胶林的大面积种植改变了该区域河流的水力、泥沙和水质状况, 研究橡胶林种植对该区域河流生态的影响对于区域生态安全和资源可持续利用具有重要的意义。该文采用野外采样、现场测量和室内鉴定分析相结合的方法, 以底栖动物为水生态指示生物, 以纳板河为研究河流, 对它的生态环境现状进行评价, 分析了橡胶林种植对河流水生态的影响。结果表明: 橡胶林种植对研究河段的水质影响不大, 调查河段水质级别均为Ⅱ级; 随着橡胶林种植强度的增加, 底栖动物的多样性降低, 群落中相对敏感的物种(蜉蝣目、毛翅目和襀翅目)所占比例降低, 双翅目的比例增加; 底栖动物功能摄食类群组成也随橡胶林种植强度发生变化, 随橡胶林种植强度的增加, 撕食者的比例增加, 捕食者的比例减小。 | ||||||
| 关键词 ：纳板河,水生态,底栖动物,橡胶林种植 | ||||||
| Abstract：Xishuangbanna in southern Yunnan is one of the global hotspots of biodiversity protection. Large-scale rubber cultivation has altered the river conditions by changing the hydraulics, sediment conditions, and water quality. Research about the influence of rubber cultivation on the aquatic ecology is very important for regional ecology and sustainable utilization of resources in this region. Field sampling, measurements and indoor identification were used in this research with the Naban River chosen as the research stream. Macroinvertebrates were used as indicators to assess the ecological status of the river and the influence of rubber cultivation on the ecology. The results show that the rubber cultivation has little impact on the water quality in the survey section with Grade Ⅱwater quality. With the increase of rubber cultivation intensity, the biodiversity of macroinvertebrates trended to decrease. The abundance ratio of sensitive species (Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera and Plecoptera) to the total macroinvertebrates trended to decrease. The abundance ratio of Diptera trended to increase. With the increase of rubber cultivation intensity, the abundance ratio of shredders trended to increase. The abundance ratio of predators trended to decrease. | ||||||
| Key words：Naban Riveraquatic ecologymacroinvertebratesrubber cultivation | ||||||
| 收稿日期: 2014-05-07 出版日期: 2016-01-12 | ||||||
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| 通讯作者:王兆印,教授,E-mail:zywang@mail.tsinghua.edu.cnE-mail: zywang@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn | ||||||
| 引用本文: |
| 赵娜, 王兆印, 徐梦珍, 周雄冬, 张晨笛. 橡胶林种植对纳板河水生态的影响[J]. 清华大学学报（自然科学版）, 2015, 55(12): 1296-1302. ZHAO Na, WANG Zhaoyin, XU Mengzhen, ZHOU Xiongdong, ZHANG Chendi. Influence of rubber cultivation on the aquatic ecology of the Naban River. Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology), 2015, 55(12): 1296-1302. |
| 链接本文: |
| http://jst.tsinghuajournals.com/CN/10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2015.24.005或 http://jst.tsinghuajournals.com/CN/Y2015/V55/I12/1296 |
图表:
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| 图1 研究区域及采样点 |
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| 表1 各采样点的环境参数 |
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| 表2 采样点的水化学参数 |
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| 表3 纳板河底栖动物种类名录 |
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| 图2 各采样点的除趋势对应分析(DCA)排序图 |
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| 表4 各采样点密度和多样性指数 |
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| 图3 底栖动物各种类的密度组成 |
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| 图4 底栖动物各功能摄食类群的密度组成 |
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