| 基于暖体假人的热环境下人体安全评价 |
张超1,2,秦挺鑫2,吴甦1( ),王金玉2 |
| 2. 中国标准化研究院, 北京 100088 |
| Human safety estimates in hot environments based on a thermal manikin |
| Chao ZHAN1,2,Tingxin QIN2,Su WU1(),Jinyu WANG2 |
| 1. Department of Industrial Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China 2. China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing 100088, China |
摘要:
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| 文章导读 | |||
| 摘要工业生产中的高温作业以及应急救援中的消防灭火等,对高温环境中的人体安全防护研究提出了需求。该文建立了将热生理反应理论计算与人体模拟实验相结合的高温环境人体安全评价方法。应用高温实验舱和红外热辐射板建立高温实验环境,应用理论模型实时计算出与热环境相对应的所需出汗率和体温的变化,应用NEWTON暖体假人模拟人体被动升温、显性出汗的交互过程。在热辐射温度为30~40 ℃的热环境中,研究人体体温、出汗率的变化,并从体温过高、出汗脱水两个角度判断人体所处的安全状态。结果表明,该方法能够模拟人体在高温环境下的热生理响应,并对人体安全情况作出评价。 | |||
| 关键词 ：暖体假人,热生理模型,实验模拟,安全评价 | |||
| Abstract：Human safety protection in hot environments is required in many fields, such as high-temperature industrial operations and fire fighting. This paper presents a method to estimate human safety in hot environments. The method combines the bio-heat theoretical model and experimental simulations. The hot experimental environment uses a high-temperature cabin heated by an infrared thermal radiation board. The body temperature and required perspiration rate are calculated by the theoretical model for the real-time experimental parameters. The balance between the warming and the sensible heat released by perspiration is simulated using a NEWTON thermal manikin. The bio-heat response of the body temperature and the perspiration rate due to the heating is studied for 30-40 oC thermal environments. The human safety is estimated for both hyperthermia and dehydration. The results show that this method can accurately simulate the human thermal physiological response and estimate the human safety status in hot environments. | |||
| Key words：thermal manikinbio-heat modelexperimental simulationsafety estimation | |||
| 收稿日期: 2013-06-24 出版日期: 2015-04-16 | |||
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| 基金资助: | |||
| 引用本文: |
| 张超, 秦挺鑫, 吴甦, 王金玉. 基于暖体假人的热环境下人体安全评价[J]. 清华大学学报（自然科学版）, 2014, 54(2): 264-269. Chao ZHAN, Tingxin QIN, Su WU, Jinyu WANG. Human safety estimates in hot environments based on a thermal manikin. Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology), 2014, 54(2): 264-269. |
| 链接本文: |
| http://jst.tsinghuajournals.com/CN/或 http://jst.tsinghuajournals.com/CN/Y2014/V54/I2/264 |
图表:
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| 热环境下人体安全实验平台结构及逻辑关系 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| NEWTON暖体假人的整体结构和功能关系 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 高温环境下人体安全研究实验流程 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 不同热辐射温度时直肠温度tre的变化 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 不同热辐射温度下由Tre判断的人体危险时间 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 不同热辐射温度时出汗率s的变化 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 不同热辐射温度下由s判断的的危险时间 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 由Σs判断的不同热辐射温度下的危险时间 |
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