微生物菌剂复配及强化厨余垃圾好氧堆肥效果分析

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Effect analysis of compound microbial agents and enhancement on kitchen waste aerobic composting

ZHOU Ying^1,,
ZHU Nengwu^1,2,3,
LIU Bowen¹,
ZHANG Taiping^1,2,3
1.School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
2.Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
3.Guangdong Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Guangzhou 510006, China

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摘要:厨余垃圾中有机组分的降解速率是影响其堆肥过程的重要因素。针对厨余垃圾中脂肪、蛋白质等特异组分设计了微生物菌剂复配方案,筛选了复配的微生物菌剂适宜接种量,并验证了厨余垃圾堆肥的强化效果。结果表明:厨余垃圾堆肥的适宜复配比为m(米曲霉)∶m(地衣芽孢杆菌)∶m(解脂假丝酵母)∶m(绿色木霉)∶m(褐球固氮菌)=1.5∶1.2∶1；且当接种量为6‰时,厨余垃圾中特异性组分脂肪降解率可达76.2%,氮损失率最低为11.8%。同时发现,固氮菌可以减少堆肥过程中氮素的损失,但固氮效果与初始加入固氮菌的量有关,且与菌剂间多种微生物的协作有关,进一步说明了微生物菌剂复配必要性和有效性。
关键词: 厨余垃圾/
微生物菌剂/
特异组分/
强化/
氮损失

Abstract:The degradation rate of organic components in kitchen waste is an important factor which affects composting process. In view of the specific components including fat and protein in kitchen waste, this research designed a series of experiments on microbial agents, establishing the appropriate compound ratio of kitchen waste composting, verifying the strengthening effect of kitchen waste compost. Results showed that the proper compound agents ratio for kitchen waste composting, was that m(Aspergillus oryzae)∶ m(Bacillus licheniformis)∶m(Candida lipolytica)∶m(Trichoderma viride)∶m(Azotobacter chroococcum)=1.5∶1.2∶1. Meanwhile when the inoculation amount was 6‰, the agents had a stronger removal effect of the specific component in kitchen waste, with which the fat removal was up to 76.2%. There was also a strong nitrogen fixation effect on nitrogen during the process of composting whereby the lowest nitrogen loss rate could be as low as 11.8%. In addition, during the study, it was found that nitrogen fixation bacteria could reduce the loss of nitrogen during composting. However, the effect of nitrogen fixation was not only related to the initial amount of nitrogen fixing bacteria but also the combined action of varieties of microorganisms, which further illustrated the necessity and effectiveness of compound microbial agents.
Key words:kitchen waste/
microbial agents/
specific components/
strengthen/
nitrogen loss.

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刊出日期:2018-01-14

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