中文关键词紫色土旱坡地生物炭秸秆有机碳坡位 英文关键词purple soil sloping fieldbiocharstraworganic carbonslope

作者	单位	E-mail
徐曼	西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400715	592854581@qq.com
余泺	重庆市璧山区防汛抗旱调度中心, 重庆 402760
王富华	西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400715
王丹	重庆地质矿产研究院, 重庆 401120
王蓥燕	西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400715
杨文娜	西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400715
高明	西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400715
王子芳	西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400715	zifangw@126.com

中文摘要 紫色土旱坡地作为三峡地区的主要耕地类型，其土壤肥力直接决定着作物产量.为探究不同施肥处理对紫色土旱坡地不同坡位土壤有机碳组分含量的影响，在中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所三峡库区试验站开展田间试验，设置5个处理：不施肥（CK）、常规施肥（T₁）、优化施肥（T₂）、85%优化施肥配施生物炭（T₃）和85%优化施肥配施秸秆（T₄），研究不同施肥处理下土壤团聚体组成及不同坡位土壤总有机碳、可溶性有机碳、微生物量碳含量间的差异.结果表明：①施肥均能增加土壤大团聚体含量，提高土壤有机碳含量，以T₃和T₄处理尤为显著.② CK、T₁和T₂处理的土壤有机碳含量均表现为：下坡位>中坡位>上坡位，而T₃和T₄处理土壤有机碳均是在中坡位含量最大.③随着坡位的降低，CK、T₁、T₂和T₃处理土壤可溶性有机碳含量呈增加趋势，CK、T₁、T₂和T₄处理土壤微生物量碳呈增加趋势，而T₃处理土壤微生物量碳在坡面上的分布为中坡位最高，下坡位其次.总体上，生物炭和秸秆处理均能显著提高土壤碳含量，且能延缓土壤碳素在坡面迁移，对改善三峡库区紫色土旱坡地土壤质量和减少水环境污染具有指导意义. 英文摘要 The purple soil sloping field is the main cultivated land type in the Three Gorges area, and the soil fertility directly determines crop yield. In order to explore the effects of different fertilization treatments on the soil organic carbon content at different slope positions, field experiments were carried out at the Three Gorges Reservoir Test Station of Chengdu Institute of Mountain and Disasters, Chinese Academy of Sciences. A total of five treatments were set up:no fertilization(CK), conventional fertilization(T₁), optimum fertilization(T₂), biochar combined with 85% of T₂(T₃), and straw combined with 85% of T₂(T₄), to study the differences in soil aggregate composition, soil total organic carbon, soluble organic carbon, and microbial carbon content at different slope positions under different fertilization treatments. The results showed that:①Fertilization increased the content of soil mass and improved the organic carbon content of soil, especially with T₃ and T₄ treatments. ②The sequence of distribution of soil organic carbon content with CK, T₁, and T₂ treatments in different slope positions was downslope position>middle slope position>upslope position, while the soil organic carbon content of T₃ and T₄ treatments was the highest at the middle slope position. ③With the decrease of slope, the soluble organic carbon content of CK, T₁, T₂, and T₃ treated soil showed an increasing trend; the carbon content of CK, T₁, T₂, and T₄ treated soil microorganisms increased; while the distribution of T₃ treated soil microbial carbon on the slope was highest at the middle slope followed by the lower slope. In general, both biochar and straw treatments can significantly increase soil carbon content and delay the migration of soil carbon on slopes, which provides guidance for improving the soil quality and reducing water pollution of purple soil dry slopes in the Three Gorges reservoir area.

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