中文关键词淋溶土壤粪肥抗生素迁移 英文关键词leachingsoilmanureantibioticsmigration

作者	单位	E-mail
李斌绪	中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081	libinxu123@163.com
朱昌雄	中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081
宋婷婷	中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081
马金莲	湖北省荆州市公安县水利和湖泊局, 荆州 434300
张治国	中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081
李红娜	中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081	lihongna828@163.com

中文摘要 含有抗生素的粪肥进入农田土壤中对土壤生态系统和水体环境产生危害，同时也会造成抗生素耐药性的传播，对环境安全和人体健康存在威胁.本研究采用土柱淋溶法，以添加四环素类抗生素（四环素、土霉素和金霉素）的猪粪（PM-T）、牛粪（CM-T）、鸡粪（CHM-T）及空白处理（CK-T）为实验组，未添加抗生素的处理为对照组，研究了模拟淋溶条件下施用不同来源粪肥对土壤理化指标和细菌丰度的影响，阐述不同处理四环素类抗生素的迁移规律.结果表明，相比于CHM-T和CM-T处理组，四环素类抗生素更容易在PM-T处理中累积，残留量为0.90~6.91 mg·kg^-1，明显高于其他处理（0.33~4.42 mg·kg^-1）；相比于表层土壤（0~4 cm），四环素类抗生素在下层土壤（16~24 cm）的浓度更高.PM-T处理土壤中TN和NH₄⁺-N含量分别增加44 mg·kg^-1和14.11 mg·kg^-1，明显高于其他处理.在抗生素的抑制作用下土壤中细菌丰度减少，PM-T处理土壤中的细菌丰度降低39.66%，高于其他添加抗生素处理组（12.38%~35.26%）.CHM-T处理中抗生素更容易从土壤中淋出，淋出总量为9.91 mg，明显高于其他粪肥处理组（P<0.05）.TN、NH₄⁺-N、四环素、土霉素和金霉素等指标为第一主成分因子，解释量为54.55%，其土壤中的含量与土层深度正相关.总结得出，以猪粪为原料的粪肥处理中四环素类抗生素更容易累积在土壤中，特别是土壤下层，同时更容易造成土壤中微生物环境的改变；而以鸡粪为原料的粪肥施用后抗生素更容易淋出土壤，增加水体污染的风险. 英文摘要 Antibiotic residues in farmland soils resulting from the application of livestock manure poses risks to the soil and water ecology associated with the spread of antibiotic resistance, thereby threatening environmental safety and human health. Here, a leaching experiment was carried out using soil(CK-T), pig manure(PM-T), cow manure(CM-T), and chicken manure(CHM-T) with the addition of tetracyclines(tetracycline, oxytetracycline, and chlortetracycline) and a control group(without antibiotics). The effects of different sources of manure on soil physical and chemical indicators and bacterial abundance under simulated leaching conditions were studied, while the migration of tetracyclines in the different treatments were also determined. The results showed that compared with the CHM-T and CM-T treatments, the tetracyclines in the PM-T treatment were more easily accumulated in the soil(residual amounts=0.90-6.91 mg·kg^-1 compared to the other treatments=0.33-4.42 mg·kg^-1). Compared with the surface soil(0-4 cm), higher concentrations of tetracyclines were detected at soil depths of 16-24 cm. Consistent with the residues of antibiotics, the concentrations of TN and NH₄⁺-N in the soil with the PM-T treatment were increased by 0.044 g·kg^-1 and 14.11 mg·kg^-1, respectively, which were significantly higher than other treatments. The abundance of bacteria in the soil was reduced due to the bactericidal effect of antibiotics, by 39.66% in the PM-T treatment, which was significantly higher than in the other treatments(12.38%-35.26%). Compared with other treatments, the antibiotics in the CHM-T treatment were more easily leached from the soil, with 9.91 mg of antibiotics in the leachate, which was significantly higher than the other treatments(P<0.05). TN, NH₄⁺-N, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, and chlortetracycline were the first principal component factors, accounting for 54.55% of the variation, and corresponding concentrations increased with soil depth. Based on these results, tetracyclines in pig manure tended to accumulate in soil and transfer vertically along with variations in the soil microbial community. For chicken manure, relatively high concentrations of tetracyclines were detected in the soil leachate, increasing the risk of water pollution.

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