中文关键词长期施肥红壤稻田重金属有效性PLS-PM分析 英文关键词long-term fertilizationreddish paddy soilheavy metalsavailabilityPLS-PM analysis

作者	单位	E-mail
夏文建	江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所, 国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心, 国家农业环境宜春观测实验站, 南昌 330200	xiawenjian@163.com
张丽芳	江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所, 国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心, 国家农业环境宜春观测实验站, 南昌 330200
刘增兵	江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所, 国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心, 国家农业环境宜春观测实验站, 南昌 330200
张文学	江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所, 国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心, 国家农业环境宜春观测实验站, 南昌 330200
蓝贤瑾	江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所, 国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心, 国家农业环境宜春观测实验站, 南昌 330200
刘秀梅	江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所, 国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心, 国家农业环境宜春观测实验站, 南昌 330200
刘佳	江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所, 国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心, 国家农业环境宜春观测实验站, 南昌 330200
刘光荣	江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所, 国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心, 国家农业环境宜春观测实验站, 南昌 330200	lgrtfs@vip.sina.com
李祖章	江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所, 国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心, 国家农业环境宜春观测实验站, 南昌 330200
王萍	江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所, 国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心, 国家农业环境宜春观测实验站, 南昌 330200

中文摘要 为研究长期施肥下红壤稻田土壤重金属累积及有效态分布特征，探讨其主要影响因子，选择持续了35年的长期定位试验的不施肥（CK）、磷钾化肥（PK）、氮磷钾化肥（NPK）和不同比例有机肥化肥配施（M1NPK、M2NPK和M3NPK）等6个处理，分析了土壤化学指标、重金属全量（THM）和有效态的分布特征，以及重金属有效态含量与化学指标和全量之间的关系.结果表明，长期施肥改变了土壤化学性质，与CK处理相比，PK处理显著提高了土壤速效磷（AP）和速效钾（AK）含量，NPK处理显著提高了土壤有机质（SOM）、阳离子交换量（CEC）、AP和AK含量，有机肥处理（M1NPK、M2NPK和M3NPK）则大幅提高了SOM、CEC、AP、AK和硝态氮（NO₃^--N）含量；化肥处理（PK和NPK）土壤重金属全量总体上变化不大，有机肥处理土壤Cu、Zn和Cd的全量显著提高；化肥处理显著提高了土壤有效态Cr和As含量，有机肥处理显著提高了土壤有效态Cu、Zn、Cr、Cd、As和Fe的含量；土壤有效态Cu、Zn、Cr、Cd、As、Fe与SOM、CEC、AP、NO₃^--N含量之间呈显著正相关，另外有效态Zn和Cd还与土壤pH呈显著正相关，而有效态Pb与土壤pH、SOM、CEC和NO₃^--N含量之间呈显著负相关；土壤Cu、Zn和Cd有效态含量与全量之间显著正相关，而Cr、Fe有效态含量与全量之间显著负相关；冗余分析发现，SOM和pH分别解释了重金属全量方差变异的80.7%和5.5%，土壤CEC、AP和pH分别解释了重金属有效态方差变异的81.1%、4.9%和3.3%，达到显著水平；进一步通过偏最小二乘路径模型（PLS-PM）分析，发现THM、CEC和AP对土壤重金属有效态影响的路径系数分别为0.459、0.417和0.293，达到显著水平.长期施用猪粪等有机肥显著改善了土壤化学性质，并影响了土壤重金属有效性，其中土壤CEC和AP可能起到了关键的调控作用. 英文摘要 To investigate the effects of long-term fertilization on the accumulation and availability of heavy metals in reddish paddy soil and to analyze the major influencing factors, soil samples were collected after the later rice was harvested in 2018 from a long-term fertilization field experiment that began in 1984. Six treatments were selected, namely CK (control without fertilization), PK (P and K fertilizer), and NPK (N, P, and K fertilizer), and different proportions of organic fertilizer plus chemical fertilizer (M1NPK: 30%M+70%NPK; M2NPK: 50%M+50%NPK; and M3NPK: 70%M+30%NPK), soil chemical properties, total and available heavy metal contents, and the relationships between the available forms of heavy metals and soil chemical parameters and total heavy metals (THM) were analyzed. The results showed that ① long-term fertilization changed the soil chemical properties; compared with those of CK, PK significantly increased the contents of soil available phosphorus (AP) and available potassium (AK), NPK significantly increased the soil organic matter (SOM), cation exchange capacity (CEC), AP, and AK, and the organic fertilizer treatments significantly increased the contents of SOM, CEC, AP, AK, and nitrate (NO₃^--N). ② There were slight variations in the THM contents under the chemical fertilizer treatments (PK and NPK), whereas the organic fertilizer treatments significantly increased the total contents of Cu, Zn, and Cd. ③ The chemical fertilizer treatments significantly increased the available Cr and As, whereas the organic fertilizer treatments significantly increased the available Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, As, and Fe. ④ There were significant positive correlations between the available Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, As, and Fe and the SOM, CEC, AP, and NO₃^--N. In addition, the available Zn and Cd were significantly positively correlated with the soil pH, whereas the available Pb was significantly negatively correlated with soil pH, SOM, CEC, and NO₃^--N. ⑤ There were significant positive correlations between the available and total contents of Cu, Zn, and Cd, whereas there were significant negative correlations between the available and total contents of Cr and Fe. ⑥ Redundancy analysis showed that SOM and pH accounted for 80.7% and 5.5% of the variation in THM, whereas the soil CEC, AP, and pH accounted for 81.1%, 4.9%, and 3.3% of the variation in the available heavy metals, respectively. ⑦ The partial least squares path model analysis showed that the path coefficients of the THM, CEC, and AP on the available state of heavy metals were 0.459, 0.417, and 0.293, respectively. Long-term application of organic manure, such as pig manure, significantly improved the soil chemical properties and affected the availability of heavy metals, and soil CEC and AP may play key roles in regulation.

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