中文关键词道路尘PM_2.5金属元素来源健康风险 英文关键词road dustPM_2.5metallic elementsourcehealth risk

作者	单位	E-mail
郭清源	天津理工大学环境科学与安全工程学院, 天津 300384 中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012	654931741@qq.com
白雯宇	中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012
赵雪艳	中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012
郭丽瑶	中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012
王歆华	中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012
耿春梅	中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012
王晓丽	天津理工大学环境科学与安全工程学院, 天津 300384	tjutwxl@163.com
王静	中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012	wangjing@craes.org.cn
杨文	中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012
白志鹏	中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012

中文摘要 为研究淄博市道路尘细粒子中金属元素的污染特征及其来源和生态及健康风险，于2016年10月至2017年5月在淄博市8区县共采集97个道路尘样品，使用再悬浮系统将道路尘中粒径小于2.5 μm的颗粒物悬浮并采集到滤膜上，通过ICP-MS和ICP-OES分析测定其中的18种金属元素.结果表明，Ca的质量分数ω（Ca）最高，均值达到120307.7 mg·kg^-1，是山东省土壤背景值的7.2倍，ω（Zn）、ω（Cu）、ω（Sb）和ω（Cd）的均值分别为背景值的13.9、11.7、13.3和29.6倍.地累积指数（I_geo）表明，道路尘细粒子中Cd、Zn、Cu和Sb这4种元素受污染程度较高，冬季都受到了重度以上的污染.富集因子值（EF）同样表明，道路扬尘中的Cd、Zn、Sb和Cu这4种元素富集比较严重，受人为影响明显.主成分分析（PCA）表明，生物质燃烧、燃煤、机动车排放、钢铁冶炼和土壤扬尘为淄博市道路尘中金属元素的5个主要来源.潜在生态风险评价显示，Cd的潜在风险和总的潜在风险在3个季节都达到了极强且在冬季最高.健康风险评价显示As和Pb对儿童存在非致癌风险，Cr存在致癌风险.总之，淄博市道路尘细粒子载带金属元素受人为源影响，在冬季污染较强，存在潜在生态风险，对儿童具有一定的非致癌风险和致癌风险，对于道路尘的源头控制需要引起重视. 英文摘要 To study the pollution characteristics, sources, and ecological and health risk of PM_2.5-bound metallic elements in road dust in Zibo City, a total of 97 dust samples were collected in eight districts between October 2016 and May 2017, and particles smaller than 2.5 μm were suspended filtered using a resuspension system. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) were used to investigate 18 metal elements within the dust samples. The results showed that the mass fraction of Ca[ω(Ca)] was highest with an average of 120307.7 mg·kg^-1, which was 7.2 times higher than the soil background values for Shandong Province. The mean values of ω(Zn), ω(Cu), ω(Sb), and ω(Cd) were 13.9, 11.7, 13.3, and 29.6 times higher than the background values, respectively. The geo-accumulation index (I_geo) indicated high levels of Cd, Zn, Cu, and Sb pollution, especially in winter. Enrichment factors (EFs) also indicated high concentrations of Cd, Zn, Sb, and Cu in the road dust, which were notably affected by human activities. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that biomass combustion, coal burning, vehicle emissions, iron and steel smelting, and soil dust are the five main sources of metal elements in road dust in Zibo City. The potential ecological risk of Cd and the total potential risk were extremely high during three seasons and was highest in winter. Health risk assessment showed that As and Pb had a non-carcinogenic risk for children, while Cr presents a carcinogenic risk. In conclusion, pollution from PM_2.5-bound metallic elements in road dust in Zibo City is derived from anthropogenic sources and is most severe during winter. Importantly, the levels of pollution detected represent potential ecological risk as well as some non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks for children. Therefore, the source control of road dust requires particular attention.

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