中文关键词涡河流域地下水水化学特征水化学成因形成机制 英文关键词Guohe River basingroundwaterhydrochemical characteristicshydrochemical originformation mechanism

作者	单位	E-mail
郑涛	安徽省地质调查院(安徽省地质科学研究所), 合肥 230001	ahddyzt@163.com
焦团理	安徽省地质调查院(安徽省地质科学研究所), 合肥 230001
胡波	安徽省地质调查院(安徽省地质科学研究所), 合肥 230001
龚建师	中国地质调查局南京地质调查中心, 南京 210016
侯香梦	安徽省地质调查院(安徽省地质科学研究所), 合肥 230001
王赫生	中国地质调查局南京地质调查中心, 南京 210016

中文摘要 地下水是涡河流域中部地区重要的供水水源，但普遍面临着污染及水质异常等问题.本文在调查采样的基础上，综合运用数理统计、Piper三线图、Gibbs图和离子比值等方法对不同深度地下水的水化学特征及其形成机制进行分析和探讨.结果表明：①研究区地下水总体为弱碱性水，不同深度地下水中的优势阴、阳离子均为HCO₃^-和Na⁺.浅层地下水的水化学类型以HCO₃-Ca·Mg和HCO₃-Na·Mg型水为主，中层和深层均以HCO₃·SO₄·Cl-Na型水为主.②基于含水层沉积环境差异及水-岩作用强度不同，地下水化学成分出现明显的垂向差异.随着深度的增加，地下水中TDS、Na⁺、Mg²⁺、Cl^-、SO₄^2-和HCO₃^-平均质量浓度均呈现先增大后减小的趋势，Ca²⁺平均质量浓度呈逐渐降低趋势.③地下水水化学特征的形成受水-岩相互作用、阳离子交换作用和人类活动的共同影响，以水-岩作用为主.水-岩作用以含钠硅酸盐溶解作用为主.人类活动普遍对浅层地下水影响较大，对中层和深层地下水影响较小.④区内深层地下水水质明显优于浅层和中层地下水，为避免增加地面沉降及中层微咸水向深层淡水越流的风险，建议合理布局深层地下水开采井，并合理调控取水量. 英文摘要 Groundwater is an important water source in the central Guohe River basin but pollution and water quality deterioration present a significant challenge. Here, 80 groups of groundwater samples were collected between June and September 2019 including 61 groups of shallow groundwater samples, 9 groups of middle groundwater samples, and 10 groups of deep groundwater samples. The hydrochemical characteristics and formation mechanisms of groundwater at these different depths were analyzed using statiatical techniques, Piper triangular diagrams, Gibbs figures, and ion ratios. The following results were noted:① Groundwater is weakly alkaline overall, and the dominant anion and cation at different depths were HCO₃^- and Na⁺. The shallow and deep groundwater mainly consist of fresh water while the middle groundwater is mainly brackish water. The hydrochemical typology of the shallow groundwater was mainly HCO₃-Ca·Mg and HCO₃-Na·Mg. HCO₃·SO₄·Cl-Na was found to be the dominant hydrochemical typology in the middle and deep groundwater. ② The chemical composition of the groundwater shows notable vertical variations. With depth, the mean mass concentrations of TDS, Na⁺, Mg²⁺, Cl^-, SO₄^2-, and HCO₃^- first increase and then decreasing, while the mean mass concentration of Ca²⁺ gradually decreases. These vertical differences are closely related to the sedimentary environment of the aquifer and the intensity of water-rock interaction. ③ The formation of groundwater hydrochemical characteristics is influenced by water-rock interactions, cation exchange, and human activities, with water-rock interaction dominated by sodium silicate dissolution. Human activities generally have the greatest impact on the shallow groundwater. ④ The water quality of the deep groundwater is notably better than that of the shallow and middle groundwater. However, excessive exploitation of the deep groundwater resource has led to the formation of a regional groundwater funnel, enhancing the difference in middle and deep groundwater levels. To reduce the risk of ground subsidence and the contamination of the deep water with middle brackish water, deep groundwater exploitation wells should be carefully positioned and regulated.

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