中文关键词挥发性有机物(VOCs)臭氧臭氧生成潜势(OFP)小波分析正交矩阵因子模型(PMF)石家庄 英文关键词volatile organic compounds(VOCs)ozoneozone formation potential(OFP)wavelet analysispositive matrix factorization(PMF)Shijiazhuang

作者	单位	E-mail
王帅	河北科技大学环境科学与工程学院, 石家庄 050018	wshuai0812@outlook.com
崔建升	河北科技大学环境科学与工程学院, 石家庄 050018	cui1603@163.com
冯亚平	河北科技大学环境科学与工程学院, 石家庄 050018
刘大喜	河北科技大学环境科学与工程学院, 石家庄 050018
陈静	石家庄市气象局, 石家庄 050081
田亮	河北科技大学环境科学与工程学院, 石家庄 050018
冯超	河北科技大学环境科学与工程学院, 石家庄 050018
王梦璇	河北科技大学环境科学与工程学院, 石家庄 050018
王学臣	河北科技大学环境科学与工程学院, 石家庄 050018
王婷婷	河北科技大学化学与制药工程学院, 石家庄 050018

中文摘要 为研究石家庄市挥发性有机物（VOCs）的化学特征和污染来源，于2017年3月至2018年1月取3个国控点进行环境VOCs的罐采样及分析，并结合臭氧（O₃）及气象数据进行相关性分析，采用正交矩阵因子模型（PMF）开展溯源解析；为确定夏季O₃的污染周期，利用小波分析研究其时序特征.结果表明，石家庄市采样期间VOCs浓度为（137.23±64.62）μg·m^-3，以卤代烷烃（31.77%）、芳香烃（30.97%）和含氧VOCs（OVOCs，23.76%）为主.采样期间VOCs的季节变化为：冬季（187.7 μg·m^-3） > 秋季（146.8 μg·m^-3） > 春季（133.24 μg·m^-3） > 夏季（107.1 μg·m^-3），空间特征呈自西向东逐渐增加的格局.监测期内O₃与VOCs、NO₂呈显著负相关，与温度、日照时数、风速和能见度呈正相关.在夏季O₃≤ 160 μg·m^-3时，6月应关注气温开始上升后4~5 d的气象条件变化，而7~8月需关注7~8 d后的气象变动.PMF溯源解析了6个VOCs的来源，依次为：汽油车排放源（24.78%）、柴油车排放源（24.69%）、溶剂使用源（18.64%）、化工生产排放源（11.87%）、区域背景（10.84%）及制药工业生产排放源（9.17%）；其中汽油车和柴油车排放源的O₃生成潜势（OFP）贡献（54.98%）超过一半.因此，石家庄市夏季O₃削减的关键是控制交通及工艺过程源的排放. 英文摘要 To study the composition characteristics and sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Shijiazhuang City, three national control points were selected to conduct VOCs sampling and analysis from March 2017 to January 2018. The correlation of VOCs through combination with meteorological and ground-level O₃ data, and the sources of VOCs were analyzed by positive matrix factorization (PMF). To quantify the pollution period of O₃ in summer, its temporal sequence characteristics were studied by wavelet analysis. During the sampling period, the average concentration of ambient total VOCs (TVOCs) was (137.23±64.62) μg·m^-3. Haloalkanes were the most dominant VOC compounds, accounting for 31.77% of total VOCs mass, followed by aromatic (30.97%) and oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs, 23.76%). The seasonal variation in VOC concentration followed the trend in winter (187.7 μg·m^-3) > autumn (146.8 μg·m^-3) > spring (133.24 μg·m^-3) > summer (107.1 μg·m^-3); the concentration of VOCs shows a trend of increasing gradient from west to east. The O₃ concentration correlated negatively with VOCs and NO₂, and positively with temperature, sunshine duration, wind speed, and visibility. Changes in meteorological elements were concerned before the occurrence of ozone pollution in summer, especially in 4-5 days in June and 7-8 days during July to August after the occurrence of increasing temperature. Finally six potential sources of VOCs were quantified by the PMF model, including from gasoline emissions (24.78%), diesel vehicle emissions (24.69%), solvent usage (18.64%), the chemical industry (11.87%), regional background (10.84%), and the pharmaceutical industry (9.17%). Ozone formation potential (OFP) contribution of emission sources of gasoline and diesel vehicles (54.98%) was over half of the total contribution. Meanwhile, these findings illustrated that control of vehicle emissions and industrial sources would be an important way to reduce VOCs concentrations and improve air quality in Shijiazhuang.

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