中文关键词细颗粒物化学组分审核指标参考范围长三角 英文关键词fine particleschemical componentsaudit indicatorsreference rangesYangtze River Delta

作者	单位	E-mail
张哲	南昌航空大学环境与化学工程学院, 南昌 330063 上海市环境科学研究院国家环境保护城市大气复合污染成因与防治重点实验室, 上海 200233	signorcheung@163.com
乔利平	上海市环境科学研究院国家环境保护城市大气复合污染成因与防治重点实验室, 上海 200233	qiaolp@saes.sh.cn
周敏	上海市环境科学研究院国家环境保护城市大气复合污染成因与防治重点实验室, 上海 200233
朱书慧	上海市环境科学研究院国家环境保护城市大气复合污染成因与防治重点实验室, 上海 200233
郭会琴	南昌航空大学环境与化学工程学院, 南昌 330063 江西省持久性污染物控制与资源循环利用重点实验室, 南昌 330063	guohuiqin@nchu.edu.cn
王红丽	上海市环境科学研究院国家环境保护城市大气复合污染成因与防治重点实验室, 上海 200233
楼晟荣	上海市环境科学研究院国家环境保护城市大气复合污染成因与防治重点实验室, 上海 200233
陶士康	上海市环境科学研究院国家环境保护城市大气复合污染成因与防治重点实验室, 上海 200233
陈长虹	上海市环境科学研究院国家环境保护城市大气复合污染成因与防治重点实验室, 上海 200233

中文摘要 本研究基于2014~2017年长三角地区2100余组环境空气PM_2.5组分监测数据，建立了组分监测数据有效性的审核指标.以百分位数法（P_2.5，P_97.5）确定了长三角地区阴离子（A）与阳离子（C）电荷当量浓度比（A/C）、所测组分浓度之和（∑组分）与PM_2.5实测浓度比、基于物质重构的PM_2.5质量浓度（PM_2.5，重构）与PM_2.5实测浓度比、S/SO₄^2-和K/K⁺的双侧95%参考范围分别为：（0.82，1.35）、（0.63，0.94）、（0.62，1.00）、（0.28，0.50）和（0.66，2.31），且上述指标各月的平均值和参考范围基本不受季节变化影响.NH₄⁺的理论浓度与实测浓度检验结果表明，NH₄⁺的化学形态呈现季节性变化，春夏季主要以NH₄NO₃和（NH₄）₂SO₄形态存在，秋冬季则主要以NH₄NO₃、（NH₄）₂SO₄和NH₄Cl形态存在.相关研究的验证结果表明，A/C指标的通过率为87.1%，其他4项指标的通过率高达100%，说明上述审核指标的参考范围不仅适用于长三角地区，在我国其他地区也具有参考价值.本研究还发现，审核指标的使用有一定条件，对于S/SO₄^2-，夏季数据适用条件为PM_2.5≥40 μg ·m^-3，春秋冬三季数据适用条件为60 μg ·m^-3≤PM_2.5≤140 μg ·m^-3；对于其他审核指标，当PM_2.5≥60 μg ·m^-3时，上述参考范围基本能够全年普遍适用. 英文摘要 Diagnostic indicators for the validation of PM_2.5 compositional data were calculated, based on the monitoring results of approximately 2100 ambient samples collected in the Yangzi River Delta from 2014 to 2017. According to the results of a correlation analysis, we propose that the audit indexes of the monitoring data of PM_2.5 components in ambient air should include:equivalent ratios of anion-cation charge balance(A/C), the consistency between sum of all measured components(∑species) and weighed PM_2.5, the consistency between mass reconstructed PM_2.5(PM_{2.5, reconstructed}) and weighed PM_2.5, the chemical consistency between elemental S and water-soluble SO₄^2-, elemental K and water-soluble K⁺, and the chemical consistency of theoretical and tested NH₄⁺. The double-sided 95% reference ranges of anion-cation equivalent balance (A/C), ∑species/PM_2.5, PM_{2.5, reconstructed}/PM_2.5, S/SO₄^2-, and K/K⁺ ratios were determined in terms of P_2.5 and P_97.5 as follows:(0.82, 1.35), (0.63, 0.94), (0.62, 1.00), (0.28, 0.50), and (0.66, 2.31). These diagnostic indicators were helpful for judging the errors of chemical component analysis and retain seasonal variation stability. In most cases, NH₄⁺ existed in the form of NH₄NO₃ and (NH₄)₂SO₄ in spring and summer. With the approach of autumn and winter, it transformed to NH₄NO₃, (NH₄)₂SO₄, and NH₄Cl. The results of literature verification showed the pass rate of A/C was 87.1% and the rate of other indexes was 100%, indicating that the above audit indexes we propose could be applied to not only the Yangzi River Delta but the entire country. Furthermore, there were certain conditions in applying the diagnostic indicators. The S/SO₄^2- ratio worked well with PM_2.5 ≥ 40 μg·m^-3 in summer and with 60 μg·m^-3 ≤ PM_2.5 ≤ 140 μg·m^-3 in spring, autumn, and winter. Other audit indexes were available universally in all weathers under the condition of PM_2.5 ≥ 60 μg·m^-3.

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