中文关键词郑州市PM_2.5季节变化城郊差异化学质量平衡(CMB)来源解析 英文关键词Zhengzhou CityPM_2.5seasonal variationdifferences between urban and suburban areaschemical mass balance model (CMB)source apportionment

作者	单位	E-mail
张剑飞	郑州大学化学学院, 郑州 450001 郑州大学环境科学研究院, 郑州 450001	zhangjianfeiZT@163.com
姜楠	郑州大学环境科学研究院, 郑州 450001 郑州大学生态与环境学院, 郑州 450001	jiangn@zzu.edu.cn
段时光	郑州大学环境科学研究院, 郑州 450001
孙有昌	郑州大学化学学院, 郑州 450001 郑州大学环境科学研究院, 郑州 450001
郝祺	郑州大学化学学院, 郑州 450001 郑州大学环境科学研究院, 郑州 450001
张瑞芹	郑州大学环境科学研究院, 郑州 450001 郑州大学生态与环境学院, 郑州 450001

中文摘要 为了解析郑州市PM_2.5的污染特征和来源，同时为了研究不同季节以及市区和市郊之间的差异，本研究于2018年四季在郑州市环境保护监测中心站（市区）和郑州大学（市郊）点位共计采集环境PM_2.5有效样品1284个.通过离子色谱仪、碳分析仪和X射线荧光光谱仪分别测试得到9种无机水溶性离子、两种碳组分和27种元素浓度，分析了郑州市城郊PM_2.5中化学组分的季节变化特征，使用富集因子法、地累积指数法、化学质量平衡模型、后向轨迹法和潜在源贡献因子法，研究了郑州市城郊不同季节PM_2.5的来源差异.结果表明，市区和市郊点位年平均PM_2.5浓度达到（59.7±24.0）μg ·m^-3和（74.7±13.5）μg ·m^-3，郊区点位（除冬季外）季节平均浓度均高于市区点位，季节均值呈现冬季 > 秋季 > 春季 > 夏季的变化.市郊春季受地壳物质的影响较大，夏秋两季全部组分浓度均高于市区；冬季市区受燃煤源和机动车源影响更大.Cu、As、Zn、Pb和Sb受到人为源的影响强烈，市区富集程度更大，Zn、Cu、As和Pb存在一定的潜在生态风险.源解析结果显示，两点位春夏秋冬四季均分别受到扬尘源、二次硫酸盐、二次硝酸盐和燃煤源的较大影响，此外，市区四季受二次污染源和机动车源的影响较大，而市郊秋冬季受生物质源影响较大.来自山东的气团、西北方向的气团（除夏季外）、南方气团（除冬季外）对郑州市PM_2.5的污染水平影响较大，其潜在来源区域主要为省内及与邻省的交界处. 英文摘要 The aim of this study was to fully understand the pollution characteristics and sources of PM_2.5 in Zhengzhou, and to investigate the differences in four seasons and between urban and suburban areas. At the Zhengzhou environmental monitoring center (urban areas) and Zhengzhou University (suburban areas), 1284 environmental PM_2.5 samples were collected in the four seasons of 2018. The concentrations of nine kinds of inorganic water-soluble ions, organic carbon, elemental carbon and 27 kinds of elements, were measured by ion chromatography, carbon analyzer, and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, respectively. Enrichment factors (EF), index of geoaccumulation (I_geo), potential ecological risk index (RI), chemical mass balance model (CMB), backward trajectory, and potential source contribution function were the methods used to study the chemical component characteristics and source differences of PM_2.5 in different seasons in the urban and suburban areas of Zhengzhou. The results showed that the annual average PM_2.5 concentration at the Zhengzhou environmental monitoring center and Zhengzhou University sites reached (59.7±24.0) μg·m^-3 and (74.7±13.5) μg·m^-3, respectively. The PM_2.5 concentration at the suburban point was higher than at the urban point with the exception of winter, and the seasonal mean concentration decreased in the order of winter > autumn > spring > summer. Compared with the urban areas, the suburban areas were more affected by crustal substances in spring, and the concentrations of all components were higher in summer and autumn than the urban areas. Nevertheless, urban areas were more affected by coal burning sources and motor vehicle sources in winter. The component analysis results showed that the influences of soil dust and building dust were greater in the suburbs in spring than in the urban areas. In autumn, the suburbs were more affected by biomass sources than the urban areas, while the urban areas were more affected by building dust than were the suburbs. The concentrations of Cu, As, Zn, Pb, and Sb were strongly influenced by anthropogenic sources, and the enrichments of Zn, Cu, As, and Pb in urban areas were greater than in the suburbs. In addition, Zn, Cu, As, and Pb exhibited potential ecological risks. The outcomes of the CMB model showed that dust sources, secondary sulfate, secondary nitrate, and coal burning sources contributed significantly to PM_2.5 concentrations in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively. The contributions of secondary pollution sources (secondary organic aerosol, secondary sulfate, and secondary nitrate) and motor vehicle sources to urban areas were higher than to suburban areas, and the influences of biomass sources in autumn and winter were significantly higher than in spring and summer and urban areas. The backward trajectory results indicated that the local PM_2.5 concentration was affected by distant transmission from the northwest except in summer, was affected by neighboring provinces in the east in four seasons, and was affected by transmission from the south, with the exception of winter. Furthermore, the consequences of potential sources demonstrated that the local PM_2.5 concentration was mainly affected by the potential areas in Henan province and its boundary with neighboring provinces.

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