中文关键词畜禽粪便菜田土壤蔬菜四环素类抗生素(TCs)生态风险商值 英文关键词livestock manurevegetable soilvegetablestetracycline antibiotics (TCs)ecological risk quotient

作者	单位	E-mail
彭秋	西南大学资源与环境学院, 重庆 400715	970273474@qq.com
王卫中	西南大学资源与环境学院, 重庆 400715
徐卫红	西南大学资源与环境学院, 重庆 400715	xuwei_hong@163.com

中文摘要 近年来新型有机污染物抗生素在环境中的残留及对生态环境的风险成为国内外研究的热点.在畜禽养殖业中四环素类抗生素（tetracycline antibiotics，TCs）使用量最大，在畜禽粪便中的残留量也最高.本文采用调查研究结合室内分析，客观评价了重庆市主要大型养殖场畜禽粪便和主要蔬菜基地菜田土壤中3种农用四环素类抗生素[土霉素（OTC）、四环素（TC）和金霉素（CTC）]可能存在的环境生态风险.结果表明，2014年猪粪和鸡粪中的OTC、TC、CTC和TCs总量∑TCs的平均值分别为13.05、91.81、62.48、167.34 mg·kg^-1和4.25、4.6、28.55、37.40 mg·kg^-1.2019年所调查的样品中猪粪和鸡粪中的OTC、TC、CTC和∑TCs平均含量分别为3.39、4.82、5.92、15.95 mg·kg^-1和1.10、1.35、4.22、5.16 mg·kg^-1，相比2014年，2019年重庆市畜禽粪便中TCs含量有大幅度的下降，TCs的检出率也有所降低.鸡粪中的TCs生态风险较猪粪要低，2019年畜禽粪便中的TCs生态风险较2014年大幅度降低，不同抗生素间总体比较，风险商值以CTC > OTC > TC.重庆主要蔬菜基地及周边地区菜田土壤中OTC、TC、CTC和∑TCs的平均含量分别为18.92、39.10、21.80和79.81 μg·kg^-1.TCs含量大小顺序为养殖场附近菜田 > 无公害蔬菜基地 > 普通菜田；在养殖场附近的菜田中，露地TCs含量普遍高于大棚，而在无公害蔬菜基地，TCs含量表现为大棚 > 露地.从菜田TCs的生态风险商值整体上看，各类种植模式下的HQ均<1，即无高风险.3种TCs的HQ值以CTC > OTC > TC.土壤∑TCs含量以叶菜类 > 瓜类 > 茄果类 > 豆类，种植不同类型蔬菜的菜田土壤TCs含量略有差异，可能跟不同蔬菜栽培模式、畜禽粪便种类及施肥量有关系. 英文摘要 The residue of new organic pollutant antibiotics in the environment and their risks to the ecological environment have become important research issues at home and abroad. China is the largest country of antibiotic production and antibiotic use. Tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) have been used in large quantities, and they also have the highest residue in animal manure. Tetracycline antibiotics in animal manure are easily accumulated in the soil, and disturb the soil microbial community; furthermore, they are absorbed by crops and remain in agricultural products, thereby threatening human health and ecological security. At present, the pollution of antibiotics in animal manure and soil of southwest China has not been reported. An investigation and analysis were conducted to evaluate the environmental ecological risks of three agricultural tetracycline antibiotics [oxytetracycline (OTC), tetracycline (TC), and chlortetracycline (CTC)] in livestock manure of large farms and soil of main vegetable base in chongqing. The results showed that the average contents of OTC, TC, CTC, and TCs ∑TCs in pig and chicken manure in 2014 was 13.05, 91.81, 62.48, 167.34 mg ·kg^-1, and 4.25, 4.60, 28.55, 37.40 mg ·kg^-1, respectively. The average contents of OTC,TC,CTC, and ∑TCs in pig and chicken manure in 2019 were 3.39, 4.82, 5.92, 15.95 mg ·kg^-1, and 1.10, 1.35, 4.22, 5.16 mg ·kg^-1, respectively. The content of TCs in livestock and poultry manure of Chongqing in 2019 decreased significantly as compared to that in 2014. The ecological risk of TCs in chicken manure was lower than that in pig manure, and the ecological risk of TCs in livestock manure in 2019 was significantly lower than that in 2014. Moreover, the risk quotient was in the order of CTC > OTC > TC. The average contents of OTC,TC,CTC, and ∑TCs in the soil of the main vegetable bases and surrounding areas in Chongqing were 18.92, 39.10, 21.80, and 79.81 μg ·kg^-1, respectively. The content of TCs was in the order of vegetable field near the farm > pollution-free vegetable base > common vegetable field. In the vegetable field near the farm, the content of TCs in open vegetable field was generally higher than that in greenhouse field. In contrast, in the pollution-free vegetable base, the content of TCs in the greenhouse field was higher than that in the pen field. The ecological risk quotients (HQ values) of TCs in the vegetable field were lower than 1 under various planting modes. The HQ values of the three TCs were in the order of CTC > OTC > TC. The content of ∑TCs in soil was in the order of leaves > melons > solanoids > legumes. The difference in contents of soil TCs was found in different vegetable fields with different vegetable types, and it may be related to the different vegetable cultivation patterns, type, and amount of livestock manure.

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