中文关键词生物炭桉树人工林土壤物理性质土壤化学性质土壤改良 英文关键词biocharEucalyptus plantationssoil physical propertiessoil chemistrysoil improvement

作者	单位	E-mail
段春燕	广西师范大学珍稀濒危动植物生态与环境保护教育部重点实验室, 桂林 541006 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所, 广西喀斯特植物保育与恢复生态学重点实验室, 桂林 541006 广西师范大学生命科学学院, 桂林 541006	duancysx@163.com
沈育伊	广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所, 广西植物功能物质研究与利用重点实验室, 桂林 541006
徐广平	广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所, 广西喀斯特植物保育与恢复生态学重点实验室, 桂林 541006 广西师范大学生命科学学院, 桂林 541006	xugpgx@163.com
滕秋梅	广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所, 广西喀斯特植物保育与恢复生态学重点实验室, 桂林 541006
张德楠	广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所, 广西喀斯特植物保育与恢复生态学重点实验室, 桂林 541006
何成新	广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所, 广西喀斯特植物保育与恢复生态学重点实验室, 桂林 541006 广西师范大学生命科学学院, 桂林 541006
张中峰	广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所, 广西喀斯特植物保育与恢复生态学重点实验室, 桂林 541006
周龙武	广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所, 广西喀斯特植物保育与恢复生态学重点实验室, 桂林 541006
孙英杰	广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所, 广西喀斯特植物保育与恢复生态学重点实验室, 桂林 541006

中文摘要 探讨桉树枝条生物炭对桂北桉树人工林土壤理化性质的影响及其不同施用量的应用效果，为桉树人工林枝条等林业废弃物资源的合理利用以及土壤改良提供科学依据.选择广西北部低山丘陵地区4 a生桉树人工林土壤为研究对象，通过桉树枝条废弃物500℃厌氧制备生物炭，基于小区定位试验，分别输入质量分数为0（CK）、0.5%（T1）、1.0%（T2）、2%（T3）、4%（T4）和6%（T5）这6个比例的桉树枝条生物炭，输入1 a后对不同处理下桉树人工林土壤理化性质进行测定.结果表明，相对于对照0~30cm土层，随着桉树枝条生物炭输入量的增加，降低了土壤容重，平均降幅为3.82%~33.55%；增加了土壤自然含水量、毛管孔隙度和总毛管孔隙含量，增幅分别为7.67%~31.75%、8.95%~33.19%和9.28%~35.86%，不同处理间差异显著.生物炭显著降低了土壤交换性酸、交换性铝、交换性氢和交换性钠含量，降幅分别为8.28%~70.03%、5.55%~70.34%、5.10%~21.78%和12.81%~49.27%；增加了土壤阳离子交换量、电导率、交换性钙和交换性镁含量，增幅分别为27.08%~160.39%、117.00%~546.64%、17.10%~66.14%和17.38%~71.38%；提高了土壤pH值，增加了0.17~1.29个单位.桉树枝条生物炭输入林地土壤后，显著增加了土壤有机碳、全磷、全钾、速效磷、速效钾和速效氮含量，增幅分别为10.94%~51.37%、14.29%~59.45%、6.48%~59.57%、6.28%~29.41%、4.79%~19.81%和7.72%~75.87%.土壤主要物理因子之间、化学因子之间、土壤理化指标两两之间绝大部分存在正相关关系，相互影响.总体上，桉树枝条生物炭短期内有利于缓解桉树人工林地土壤的酸化趋势，对改善土壤理化性质和提高养分含量有积极的正效应和调控作用，促进了土壤的保水保肥能力.综合考虑，4%~6%的生物炭输入量是提高土壤肥力水平的最优处理，研究结果对土壤改良、林地生态环境改善以及桉树人工林可持续经营具有重要的实践意义. 英文摘要 This study aims to explore the effects of different biochar applications on soil physical and chemical properties in a Eucalyptus plantation in Northern Guangxi, find the best biochar application amount, and provide scientific guidance for the efficient utilization of forest residue and soil improvement. The soil of a four-year Eucalyptus plantation at the Huangmian forest farm in Northern Guangxi was selected as the study area, and six treatments including 0 (CK), 0.5% (T1), 1.0% (T2), 2% (T3), 4% (T4), and 6% (T5) were set through a field-positioning experiment to analyze the changes in soil physical and chemical properties under different application rates. Compared with the 0-30 cm soil layer of the control treatment, biochar application decreased the mean soil bulk by 3.82%-33.55%, while it increased the soil natural water content, capillary porosity, and total capillary porosity by 7.67%-31.75%, 8.95%-33.19%, and 9.28%-35.86%, respectively. The contents of exchangeable acid, exchangeable aluminum, exchangeable hydrogen, and exchangeable sodium in the soil decreased by 8.28%-70.03%, 5.55%-70.34%, 5.10%-21.78%, and 12.81%-49.27%. Biochar application increased the cation exchange capacity, electrical conductivity, exchangeable magnesium, and exchangeable calcium by 27.08%-160.39%, 117.00%-546.64%, 17.10%-66.14%, and 17.38%-71.38%, respectively. Soil pH increased by 0.17-1.29 after biochar addition. Similarly, the contents of soil organic carbon, total phosphorus, total potassium, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium increased by 10.94%-51.37%, 14.29%-59.45%, 6.48%-59.57%, 6.28%-29.41%, 4.79%-19.81%, and 7.72%-75.87%. There was a positive correlation among the main physical and chemical factors. The physical and chemical properties reached their maximum values in the T4 or T5 treatment (4% or 6%). Biochar application provided considerable relief from soil acidification in the Eucalyptus plantation and had a positive effect on soil physicochemical properties. The addition 4%-6% of ripe Eucalyptus biochar produced the optimum results. The results show that biochar can improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, increase soil fertility, and enhance the soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer after twelve months. The findings of this study can be used as a reference in practical applications for soil improvement and sustainable management of Eucalyptus plantations.

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