中文关键词岩溶湿地土地利用真菌群落功能类群腐生营养型菌子囊菌门 英文关键词karst wetlandland-usefungal communityfunctional groupsaprotrophAscomycota

作者	单位	E-mail
程跃扬	桂林理工大学环境科学与工程学院, 桂林 541004	cyy139182@163.com
靳振江	桂林理工大学环境科学与工程学院, 桂林 541004 桂林理工大学岩溶地区水污染控制与用水安全保障协同创新中心, 桂林 541004 桂林理工大学广西环境污染控制理论与技术重点实验室, 桂林 541004	zhenjiangjinjin@163.com
王晓彤	桂林理工大学环境科学与工程学院, 桂林 541004
贾远航	桂林理工大学环境科学与工程学院, 桂林 541004
袁武	桂林理工大学环境科学与工程学院, 桂林 541004
周军波	桂林理工大学环境科学与工程学院, 桂林 541004

中文摘要 研究土地利用对会仙湿地土壤真菌群落及其功能类群特性的影响，可以为湿地的保护提供理论依据.以芦苇湿地（PCW）、华科拉莎草湿地（CCW）、稻田撂荒地（APF）、稻田（PF）和玉米地（CF）为研究样地，采用高通量测序法对不同土地利用土壤真菌群落结构进行分析，利用FUNGuild数据库对真菌的功能类群进行预测.结果表明，PF和CF的Simpson指数和Shannon指数显著高于PCW和CCW；在门水平上，子囊菌门（Ascomycota）为5种土地利用的最优势菌，丰度为70.60%~87.02%，隐真菌门（Rozellomycota）为PCW的次优势菌，丰度为7.14%；担子菌门（Basidiomycota）为CCW、APF、PF和CF的次优势菌，丰度分别为9.70%、5.19%、8.13%和7.50%.在目水平上，PCW中最优势菌为格孢菌目（Pleosporales），丰度为16.47%；CCW、APF、PF和CF的最优势菌均为肉座菌目（Hypocreales），丰度分别为22.52%、23.50%、17.60和23.80%.在属水平上，PCW和CCW中的最优势菌分别为粪盘菌属（Ascobolus）和子囊菌属（Archaeorhizomyces），丰度分别为6.65%和13.44%；APF、PF和CF中的最优势菌均为镰刀菌属（Fusarium），丰度分别为10.22%、10.51%和11.12%.会仙湿地土壤真菌的功能类群以腐生营养型为主，丰度为48.67%~80.13%.CF中的病理营养型的丰度为5.39%，显著高于PCW（2.34%）和CCW（1.53%）中的丰度.PCW和CCW的最优势功能类群分别为粪生-木材腐生菌和土壤腐生菌，APF、PF和CF中最优势功能类群为动物病原-内生-地衣寄生-植物病原-土壤腐生-木材腐生菌.冗余分析表明，土壤含水率（SWC）和碳氮比（C/N）是影响真菌群落结构的主要因素，碱解氮（AN）是影响真菌功能类群的主要因素.以上研究结果表明，相对于天然湿地，土地利用改变了会仙湿地土壤真菌多样性和群落结构，使真菌功能类群的结构趋于复杂化，且使玉米致病风险提高. 英文摘要 Studying the impact of land-use on fungal communities and their functional groups in wetland soil can provide a theoretical basis for the protection of wetlands. The top soil (0-20 cm) samples were collected from the wetlands with Phragmites communis (PCW), wetlands with Cladium chinense (CCW), abandoned paddy fields (APF), paddy fields (PF), and corn fields (CF) in the Huixian Karst Wetland. The fungal community structure and its functional groups were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing methods and the FUNGuild database, respectively. The results showed that the Simpson and Shannon index in PF and CF were significantly higher than those in PCW and CCW. Ascomyceta was the most dominant phylum in five land-use types with the abundance of 70.60%-87.02%, followed by Rozellomycota in PCW with the abundance of 7.14% and Basidiomycota in CCW, APF, PF, and CF with the abundance of 9.70%, 5.19%, 8.13%, and 7.50%, respectively. Pleosporales was the most dominant order in PCW with the abundance of 16.47%, while Hypocreales was the dominant one in CCW, APF, PF, and CF with the abundance of 22.52%, 23.50%, 17.60, and 23.80%, respectively. Ascobolus and Archaeorhizomyces were the most dominant genera in PCW and CCW with the abundance of 6.65% and 13.44%, respectively, and Fusarium was the most dominant genus in APF, PF, and CF with the abundance of 10.22%, 10.51%, and 11.12%, respectively. Saprotroph was the main trophic mode in the Huixian wetland with the abundance of 48.67%-80.13%. The abundance of pathotroph in CF (5.39%) was higher than that in PCW (2.34%) and CCW (1.53%). Dung saprotroph-wood saprotroph and soil saprotroph were the most dominant functional groups in PCW and CCW, respectively, while animal pathogen-endophyte-lichen parasite-plant pathogen-soil saprotroph-wood saprotroph was the most dominant functional group in APF, PF, and CF. Redundancy analysis showed that both soil water content and the ratio of carbon-to-nitrogen were the main factors affecting fungal communities, and available nitrogen was the main factor affecting the functional groups. Overall, the results indicated that land-use has changed the soil fungal diversity and community structure, complicated the functional groups, and increased the risk of corn disease in the Huixian Karst wetland.

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