中文关键词氮肥秸秆还田生物炭N₂O排放产量 英文关键词nitrogen fertilizerresiduesbiocharN₂O emissionsyield

作者	单位	E-mail
许宏伟	西北农林科技大学农学院, 杨凌 712100 陕西省循环农业工程技术研究中心, 杨凌 712100	daxuhxl@163.com
李娜	西北农林科技大学农学院, 杨凌 712100 陕西省循环农业工程技术研究中心, 杨凌 712100
冯永忠	西北农林科技大学农学院, 杨凌 712100 陕西省循环农业工程技术研究中心, 杨凌 712100	fengyz@nwsuaf.edu.cn
任广鑫	西北农林科技大学农学院, 杨凌 712100 陕西省循环农业工程技术研究中心, 杨凌 712100
谢呈辉	西北农林科技大学农学院, 杨凌 712100 陕西省循环农业工程技术研究中心, 杨凌 712100
吕宏菲	西北农林科技大学农学院, 杨凌 712100 陕西省循环农业工程技术研究中心, 杨凌 712100
马星霞	西北农林科技大学农学院, 杨凌 712100 陕西省循环农业工程技术研究中心, 杨凌 712100
郝嘉琪	西北农林科技大学农学院, 杨凌 712100 陕西省循环农业工程技术研究中心, 杨凌 712100

中文摘要 为探究氮肥和秸秆还田方式对N₂O排放的影响，本研究在关中地区冬小麦-夏玉米轮作模式下，采用双因素裂区设计，主区为常规施氮（G）和减量施氮（70% G）；副区为秸秆不还田（N）、秸秆还田（S）和秸秆还田+生物炭（SB），分析对N₂O排放和产量的影响及与相关影响因子间的关系.结果表明，小麦季和玉米季各处理在施肥后第5~16d内相继出现N₂O排放高峰，在降雨后也出现N₂O排放峰值.N₂O通量和土壤温度、NH₄⁺-N含量呈显著正相关.在同等施氮水平下，S处理增加了N₂O排放量，SB处理可降低N₂O排放量，S和SB处理均能显著增加作物产量，且SB增产幅度更大；70% G水平的N₂O年排放量较G水平减少了40%~48%，而产量并没有明显减少.综合考虑，在常规施氮基础上减氮30%配合秸秆+生物炭，在保证作物高产的同时，N₂O减排效果最好. 英文摘要 In order to explore the impacts of nitrogen fertilizer and straw returning methods on N₂O emissions, a two-factor split-zone design was adopted for experimentation under the winter wheat-summer maize rotation model in the Guanzhong area of Shanxi, China. The main areas of interest were conventional nitrogen (G) and reduced nitrogen (70% G); the sub-areas were straw no return (N), straw return (S), and straw return + biochar (SB); we analyzed their impacts on N₂O emissions and crop yield, and the relationships with related impact factors. The results showed that the N₂O emissions peaks appeared in the wheat season and maize season treatments within 5-16 days after fertilization, and also appeared after rainfall. The N₂O flux was significantly and positively correlated with soil temperature and NH₄⁺-N content. Regardless of the wheat season, maize season, or annual total N₂O emissions, the 70% GSB treatment was the lowest and the GS treatment was the highest. At the same level of nitrogen application, S treatment increased N₂O emissions, SB treatment could reduce N₂O emissions, both S and SB treatments could significantly increase crop yields, and SB production increased more; 70%G-level annual N₂O emissions, when compared with the G level, had been reduced by 40% to 48%, while the yield has not decreased significantly. Through comprehensive consideration, a reduction of nitrogen by 30% was achieved through the combination of straw + biochar on the basis of conventional nitrogen application, while ensuring high crop yields and the best N₂O emissions reduction.

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