中文关键词PM_2.5组分特征源解析正定矩阵因子分析法(PMF)威海市 英文关键词PM_2.5composition characteristicsource apportionmentpositive matrix factorization(PMF)Weihai

作者	单位	E-mail
李明燕	山东师范大学地理与环境学院, 济南 250014	limingyan0321@126.com
杨文	威海市环境保护监测站, 威海 264200
魏敏	山东师范大学地理与环境学院, 济南 250014
朱红晓	山东师范大学地理与环境学院, 济南 250014
刘厚凤	山东师范大学地理与环境学院, 济南 250014	110027@sdnu.edu.cn

中文摘要 为明确威海市采暖期细颗粒物的组分及来源，于2018年1~3月在威海市3个空气质量例行监测点采集了环境空气PM_2.5样品，分析OC、EC、水溶性离子及元素组分特征，利用PMF模型解析PM_2.5的来源.结果表明，采样期间威海市PM_2.5日均质量浓度为（33.80±22.45）μg·m^-3，NO₃^-、NH₄⁺、SO₄^2-、OC和EC是其主要组分.作为沿海城市其Cl^-占比相对较高，同时PM_2.5组分特征体现出颗粒物成分受本地工业特征污染物排放的影响.NO₃^-/SO₄^2-和OC/EC比值均表明威海市采暖期移动源对PM_2.5贡献大；水溶性离子中酸碱离子比例分析表明，威海市采暖期PM_2.5呈弱碱性，NH₄⁺过量，主要以NH₄NO₃和（NH₄）₂SO₄等形式存在.污染时段威海市二次污染物浓度上升明显，主要组分NH₄⁺、NO₃^-、SO₄^2-、OC和EC质量浓度是清洁时段的4.21、5.27、3.23、2.02和1.81倍.源解析结果表明，二次气溶胶占PM_2.5的32.4%~36.0%，移动源（15.6%~18.9%）、燃煤源（12.1%~17.8%）、生物质燃烧源（9.0%~10.4%）和扬尘（8.6%~11.3%）是威海市环境空气PM_2.5的主要来源，而工艺过程源（2.1%~8.3%）、非道路移动源（2.4%~3.7%）和海盐（3.5%~5.6%）贡献比例较小. 英文摘要 To clarify the pollution characteristics and sources of PM_2.5 in Weihai during the heating period, PM_2.5 samples from ambient air were collected at three routine air quality monitoring sites from January to March 2018. The OC, EC, water-soluble ions, and elements in PM_2.5 were analyzed, and the sources of PM_2.5 were identified using the PMF model. The results showed that the average daily mass concentration of PM_2.5 was (33.80±22.45) μg·m^-3, and the NO₃^-, NH₄⁺, SO₄^2-, OC, and EC were the main components of PM_2.5. As a coastal city, the Cl^- ratio was relatively high in PM_2.5. Meanwhile, the compositions of PM_2.5 were affected by the emission of pollutants with local industrial characteristics. Both NO₃^-/SO₄^2- and OC/EC showed that mobile sources had a high contribution during the heating period. The acid-base ions in water-soluble ions showed that PM_2.5 is weakly alkaline, and NH₄⁺ is excessive. NH₄⁺ mainly existed in the form of NH₄NO₃ and (NH₄)₂SO₄. During the polluted period, the concentration of secondary pollutants significantly increased, and the mass concentrations of NH₄⁺, NO₃^-, SO₄^2-, OC, and EC were 4.21, 5.27, 3.23, 2.02, and 1.81 times that of the cleaning period, respectively. The PMF model showed that secondary aerosols were the major source of PM_2.5, accounting for 32.4%-36.0% of PM_2.5. The contributions of vehicle exhaust, coal combustion, biomass burning, and dust were 15.6%-18.9%, 12.1%-17.8%, 9.0%-10.4%, and 8.6%-11.3%, respectively, while the contributions of process emission (2.1%-8.3%), non-road mobile sources (2.4%-3.7%), and sea salt (3.5%-5.6%) were less.

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