摘要:通过研究道地药材唐古特大黄（Rheum tanguticum Maxim.ex Balf.）四种功效组分的地理变异，以及与多层次气候因子间的响应关系，揭示唐古特大黄不同化学型形成的生态学机制。运用聚类方法研究唐古特大黄成分地理变异的空间规律，并利用相关系数法分析气候因子与唐古特大黄成分的响应关系。结果表明：唐古特大黄功效组分存在明显的地理变异。青海和甘肃地区的唐古特大黄属于结合蒽醌化学生态型；而四川所产唐古特大黄为游离蒽醌化学生态型。不同时间尺度气候因子与唐古特大黄组分间的响应特征为：结合蒽醌类物质与年均温呈强负相关，多酚类物质与年均温和年降水为负相关，而与年均日照时数为正相关；结合蒽醌类物质与最冷季节温度是强负相关，多酚类物质与最冷季节温度和最湿季降雨量呈强负相关；月均温和月均日照对结合蒽醌类物质和多酚类物质影响大，其中1月至6月平均气温和9月至12月平均气温与蒽醌类物质呈强负相关，多酚类物质与5月日照量、6月日照量和7月日照量表现出强正相关。地区间的温度和日照量差异是唐古特大黄不同化学型形成的气候原因。最冷季的低温和最湿季的日照量是影响唐古特大黄品质的关键气候因子和主要时间窗口。温度浮动大，日照量高且降水量少的低温区域有助于结合蒽醌类和多酚类物质的形成和累积。



Abstract:To reveal the ecological mechanism for various chemical types of Rheum tanguticum Maxim. ex Balf, this paper was designed to investigate the geographical variation of functional components, and further study the critical climate factors and the key period for various components based on the multi-scales climate factors. The methods of Cluster was applied for analyzing the geographical variation of chemical components of R. tanguticum. Coefficient of correlation was used to assess the relationships between the climate factors and the components. Two chemotypes were classified based on the accumulating data, one was the combined anthraquinone chemotype from Qinghai and Gansu province, and the other was the free anthraquinone chemotype from Sichuan province. The relationships between the climate factors and the chemical components were as follows:the anthraquinones were significantly negatively related to annually average temperature. Polyphenols were negatively correlated with annually average temperature and annual precipitation, while positively correlated with annually average solar radiation. There was a significantly negative correlation between the combined anthraquinone composition and the temperature of the coldest season. Polyphenols were negatively related to the mean temperature of the coldest quarter and the precipitation of the wettest quarter; mean month temperature and solar radiation were crucial factors for the combined anthraquinone and polyphenols. Anthraquinones compounds were remarkably negatively related to the average temperature from January to June and September to December. Polyphenols showed a strong positive correlation with average month radiation in May, June and July. In conclusion, temperature and solar radiation were the vital factors related to the different chemotypes of R. tanguticum. The low temperature in the coldest season and the solar radiation in the wettest season were the main periods, and they were the key factors correlated with the quality of R. tanguticum. Low-temperature, high solar radiation and low precipitation were conducive to the accumulation of combined anthraquinone and polyphenols in R. tanguticum.





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