中文关键词西安大气降水化学特征沉降特征潜在来源 英文关键词Xi'anatmospheric precipitationchemical characteristicdeposition characteristicpotential source

作者	单位	E-mail
丁铖	南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心, 中国气象局气溶胶与云降水重点开放实验室, 南京 210044	3156713628@qq.com
于兴娜	南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心, 中国气象局气溶胶与云降水重点开放实验室, 南京 210044	xnyu@nuist.edu.cn
侯思宇	南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心, 中国气象局气溶胶与云降水重点开放实验室, 南京 210044

中文摘要 基于东亚酸沉降监测网（Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia，EANET）的湿沉降观测数据，分析了2000~2017年西安市大气降水化学特征、沉降特征以及潜在来源.结果表明，2000~2017年西安市降水pH和电导率的变化分别呈上升和下降趋势；大气降水中离子平均浓度大小依次为SO₄^2- > Ca²⁺ > NH₄⁺ > NO₃^- > Na⁺ > Cl^- > Mg²⁺ > K⁺，其中SO₄^2-浓度占总离子的比值由2000年的38.6%降低到2017年的27.9%.近年来的SO₄^2-和NO₃^-的比值表明，西安市大气污染物排放类型有由燃煤型向混合型转变的趋势.近十几年来SO₄^2-的沉降量整体呈下降趋势，与Mann-Kendall检验所得结果基本一致.西安市大气降水中氮和硫的沉降量分别为16.89 kg·（hm²·a）^-1和33.52 kg·（hm²·a）^-1，并且NH₄⁺-N为西安市大气活性氮的主要沉降成分.机动车排放既是SO₄^2-的主要贡献者，又是NO₃^-的主要贡献者，对SO₄^2-和NO₃^-的贡献占比分别为15.43%和72.99%.对NH₄⁺贡献最大的是农业源，占比达到75.47%. 英文摘要 Chemical and deposition characteristics as well as potential sources of precipitation in Xi'an from 2000 to 2017 were analyzed based on the acid deposition monitoring network in East Asia (EANET). The pH of precipitation showed increasing trends, whereas the conductivity of precipitation showed decreasing trends between 2000 and 2017 in Xi'an. The decreasing order of ion concentration in precipitation was as follows:SO₄^2- > Ca²⁺ > NH₄⁺ > NO₃^- > Na⁺ > Cl^- > Mg²⁺ > K⁺. The percentage of SO₄^2- in the total ion concentration decreased from 38.6% in 2000 to 27.9% in 2017. The ratio of SO₄^2- to NO₃^- in recent years indicated that the type of pollutant in Xi'an changed from the coal-burning type to the mixed type. The deposition of SO₄^2- in precipitation had a declining trend, which was consistent with the results of the Mann-Kendall test. Nitrogen and sulphur depositions in precipitation were 16.89 kg·(hm²·a)^-1 and 33.52 kg·(hm²·a)^-1, respectively, and ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) was the main deposition component of atmospheric active nitrogen in the precipitation of Xi'an. Vehicle emissions were the major contributors to SO₄^2- (15.43%) and NO₃^- (72.99%). NH₄⁺ originated mainly from agriculture sources, and the percentage reached up to 75.47%.

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