中文关键词
大球盖菇柑橘套作土壤CO2排放秸秆还田 | 英文关键词stropharia mushroomcitrusintercroppingsoil CO2 emissionsstraw returning |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 以柑橘/大球盖菇套作模式为研究对象，利用秸秆作为大球盖菇的培养基原料，通过原位试验，连续监测大球盖菇生长期内，不同秸秆还田量（半量、全量和倍量）下土壤CO2排放规律，并进一步对比栽培大球盖菇（HSM、ASM和DSM）和未栽培大球盖菇（HS、AS和DS）处理下土壤CO2排放量变化及其影响因素，结合大球盖菇产量及土壤碳排放效率，分析不同秸秆还田量所产生的环境及经济效益，为合理利用柑橘园林下土地提供理论依据.结果表明：①秸秆还田处理的土壤CO2累积排放量均高于常规种植（CK），随着秸秆还田量的增加呈增加趋势；且栽培大球盖菇处理的土壤CO2累积排放量大于未栽培大球盖菇，表现为：DSM（52.09 t·hm-2） > ASM（41.10 t·hm-2） > HSM（33.20 t·hm-2） > DS（27.15 t·hm-2） > AS（25.34 t·hm-2） > HS（18.94 t·hm-2） > CK（12.16 t·hm-2）；其中，倍量秸秆填埋还田+栽培大球盖菇（DSM）处理的土壤CO2累积排放量增加最为显著，较CK增加了328.37%；②对于栽培了大球盖菇的处理，土壤CO2排放量最大时段均集中在大球盖菇菌丝生长期，其次为出菇后和出菇期；其中DSM处理在菌丝生长期的土壤CO2累积排放量占其总累积排放量的43.27%，其次为全量秸秆填埋还田+栽培大球盖菇（ASM，42.63%）和半量秸秆填埋还田+栽培大球盖菇（HSM，40.57%）；③栽培大球盖菇处理降低了温度敏感系数Q10；5cm土壤温度能解释27%~71%的土壤CO2排放速率变化（P<0.01），而土壤体积含水量单因子对土壤CO2排放速率不存在显著影响；但双因子拟合发现，5 cm土壤温度和体积含水量可以解释土壤CO2排放速率变化的36%~82%；④对于栽培了大球盖菇的处理，各处理产量分别为：DSM（49.7 t·hm-2）>ASM（47.0 t·hm-2）>HSM（23.3 t·hm-2），其中ASM的土壤碳排放效率最高（CEE=1.14）.综上，柑橘/大球盖菇套作模式短期内会显著促进土壤CO2排放，但同时也提高了柑橘园综合经济效益，其中全量秸秆还田能较好地协调其产生的经济及环境效益. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Based on the pattern of citrus tree/stropharia mushrooms intercropping, returning-straw was used as the raw material for the stropharia mushrooms, and an in-situ experiment was conducted to monitor soil CO2 emissions under different dosage of straw application during the stropharia growth period. Soil CO2 emissions and the influencing factors were analyzed under different treatments of cultivated (HSM, ASM, and DSM) and uncultivated stropharia mushrooms (HS, AS, and DS). The mushroom yield and soil carbon emission efficiency (CEE) were used to provide a theoretical basis for improving the use of land under citrus orchards. The results showed that:① Straw return increased the cumulative CO2 emissions compared with the control system (conventional planting, CK) and cumulative CO2 emissions increased with the dosage of straw application. Cumulative CO2 emissions from soil treated with cultivated stropharia mushrooms were higher than those from soil treated with uncultivated stropharia mushrooms, in the order of DSM (52.09 t·hm-2) > ASM (41.10 t·hm-2) > HSM (33.20 t·hm-2) > DS (27.15 t·hm-2) > AS (25.34 t·hm-2) > HS (18.94 t·hm-2) > CK (12.16 t·hm-2). Cumulative CO2 emissions under the DSM treatment significantly increased by 328.37% compared with CK. ② For the treatment of cultivated stropharia mushrooms, peak soil CO2 emissions occurred during the period of mycelium growth. The highest cumulative CO2 emissions during this period were obtained under the DSM treatment and accounted for 43.27% of the total cumulative emissions. This was followed by ASM and HSM which accounted for 42.63% and 40.57% of emissions, respectively. ③ Cultivated stropharia mushrooms reduced the temperature sensitivity coefficient (Q10). The soil temperature (5 cm depth) had a significant effect on the soil CO2 emission rate (P<0.01) but soil moisture did not (P>0.05). Soil temperature explained 27% to 71% of the variation in soil CO2 emissions rates, and the two-factor fitting of soil temperature and soil moisture explained 36% to 82% of the variation. ④ For the treatment of cultivated stropharia mushrooms, the ranked yield of each treatment was DSM (49.7 t·hm-2) > ASM (47.0 t·hm-2) > HSM (23.3 t·hm-2), and ASM had the highest soil CEE (1.14). Therefore, under the system of citrus tree/stropharia mushroom intercropping, straw return can increase soil CO2 emissions, with the highest emissions being obtained when a double dosage of straw was applied. However, the optimal amount of straw still needs to be determined in combination with changes in soil nutrients and crop yields. |
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