中文关键词交通道路地表径流多环芳烃(PAHs)源解析PMF模型 英文关键词traffic roadssurface runoffpolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)source analysispositive matrix factorization(PMF)model

作者	单位	E-mail
吴杰	华东理工大学资源与环境工程学院, 国家环境保护化工过程环境风险评价与控制重点实验室, 上海 200237	wujie2012163@163.com
熊丽君	上海市环境科学研究院, 上海 200233	xionglj@saes.sh.cn
吴健	上海市环境科学研究院, 上海 200233
沙晨燕	上海市环境科学研究院, 上海 200233
唐浩	上海市环境科学研究院, 上海 200233
林匡飞	华东理工大学资源与环境工程学院, 国家环境保护化工过程环境风险评价与控制重点实验室, 上海 200237	kflin@ecust.edu.cn
李大雁	上海市环境科学研究院, 上海 200233
沈城	上海市环境科学研究院, 上海 200233

中文摘要 随着城市化发展，我国城市地表径流污染问题日益突出，交通道路地表径流多环芳烃（polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons，PAHs）污染受到广泛关注.以上海中心城区（漕宝路）和郊区（嘉金高速）交通道路为研究对象，采集2017~2018年7场降雨地表动态径流水样，分析道路地表径流多环芳烃的质量浓度特征及组成比例，并采用特征比值法和正定矩阵因子法（positive matrix factorization，PMF）进行PAHs源解析，从而明确交通道路地表径流PAHs的污染特征及来源差异.结果表明，郊区嘉金高速Σ16PAHs的几何均值（5539.2 ng·L^-1）高于市区漕宝路（548.1ng·L^-1）10倍以上，与嘉金高速货车比例大且清扫频率相对较低有关.两个点位的苯并[a]芘[benzo（a）pyrene，BaP]均超过国家排放标准，尤其嘉金高速超标21倍.漕宝路和嘉金高速径流PAHs组分比例差异不大，均以4~6环为主，占比约80%.通过特征比值法定性源解析发现，漕宝路PAHs主要来自燃煤源和交通源；嘉金高速PAHs主要来自石油、煤等燃烧源和交通源.PMF定量源解析表明，漕宝路径流PAHs来源以燃气、燃煤源为主，占48.6%，其次为交通排放源和石油源，分别占29.8%和21.7%；嘉金高速道路径流PAHs来源贡献比从大到小依次为交通排放源、燃煤源、石油源以及炼焦源，其贡献率分别为38.5%、34.6%、14.6%和12.6%.市、郊道路的PAHs来源及贡献率存在显著差异，燃气、燃煤源是市区漕宝路地表径流PAHs主要来源，与其所在徐汇区人口密度大、燃气使用量相对较多有关；交通排放源是郊区嘉金高速地表径流PAHs主要来源，与其客、货车流量相对较大、其排放PAHs远高于轿车有关；另外嘉金高速PAHs来源还存在炼焦源，与青浦区工业煤炭使用量较大有关. 英文摘要 Rapid urbanization has driven surface runoff pollution in urban areas to a serious state. In particular, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)from road surface runoff has attracted wide attention. Two traffic roads in Shanghai (Caobao Road in an urban central area, and Jiajin Expressway in the suburbs) were identified as research objects. Runoff samples from these two traffic roads were collected for 7 rainfall events between 2007 and 2018. Then, the concentration characteristics and composition ratio of PAHs were analyzed. The differences in pollution sources of runoff PAHs from two types of traffic roads were identified based on characteristic ratio method and positive matrix factorization(PMF). The results showed that the geometric mean value (5539.2 ng·L^-1) of 16 PAHs of runoff from Jiajin Expressway in the suburbs was 10 times greater than that from Caobao Road (548.1 ng·L^-1), which was related to a higher truck traffic and a lower cleaning frequency on Jiajin Expressway. The benzo(a)pyrene(BaP)concentration on both roads exceeded the national emission standard, and the amount in the Jiajin Expressway was up to 21 times higher than the standard. There was no significant difference in the composition of PAHs of runoff between Caobao Road and Jiading Expressway, and 4-6 ring were dominant and responsible for 80% of total PAHs loads in both sites. Based on the analysis of the characteristic ratio method, the PAHs of runoff from Caobao Road mostly came from coal-fired sources and traffic sources, while that from Jiajin Expressway were mostly from fossil fuels, coal, and other traffic sources. Quantitative source analysis through PMF method showed that the primary sources of PAHs were gas and coal, accounting for 48.6%, followed by traffic emission sources (29.8%), and oil sources (21.7%). The contribution ratios of PAHs sources of runoff from Jiajin Expressway, sorted in descending order, are:traffic emission sources (38.5%), coal-fired sources (34.6%), oil sources (14.6%), and coking sources (12.6%). PAHs sources and contribution rates between urban and suburban roads are completely different. Gas and coal were the main sources of PAHs of runoff from Caobao Road, which was related to the high population density and relatively large gas consumption in the Xuhui District. Traffic emission was the main source of PAHs from surface runoff on Jiajin Expressway, which was related to the massive flow of coaches and trucks, and their higher PAHs emission compared to small cars. In addition, there are still coking sources of PAHs of runoff from Jiajin Expressway, which can be related to the massive industrial coal consumption in the Qingpu District.

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