中文关键词道路降尘PM_2.5PM₁₀元素特征分歧系数富集因子 英文关键词road dust fallPM_2.5PM₁₀element characteristicscoefficient of divergenceenrichment factor

作者	单位	E-mail
王士宝	南开大学环境科学与工程学院, 天津 300350	2273371853@qq.com
姬亚芹	南开大学环境科学与工程学院, 天津 300350	jiyaqin@nankai.edu.cn
李树立	南开大学环境科学与工程学院, 天津 300350
张伟	南开大学环境科学与工程学院, 天津 300350
张蕾	南开大学环境科学与工程学院, 天津 300350

中文摘要 为探究天津市春季道路降尘中元素污染特征及来源，于2015年春季采集了天津市道路降尘样品，通过再悬浮得到PM_2.5和PM₁₀滤膜样品，继而测定了滤膜样品中16种元素的含量，通过非参数检验、分歧系数法、富集因子法等研究了道路降尘中元素的污染特征、来源和成分谱的相似性.结果表明，天津市春季道路降尘PM_2.5和PM₁₀质量分数平均值在1%~20%之间的元素从大到小依次为：Si > Al > Ca > Fe > Mg > K > Na；PM₁₀和PM_2.5中元素成分谱分歧系数为0.06，表明两者元素成分谱很相似；PM₁₀和PM_2.5中，元素Cd和Cr强烈富集，Zn、Cu、Pb和As显著富集；道路降尘PM_2.5和PM₁₀中元素主要来源于土壤风沙尘、建筑尘、交通尘（汽车尾气的排放、轮胎磨损和刹车片磨损）和煤烟尘. 英文摘要 To explore the element pollution characteristics and sources of road dust fall, road dust fall samples were collected during spring in Tianjin and suspended to obtain PM_2.5 and PM₁₀, 16 elements were analyzed, and then their characteristics, sources, and similarities were studied by nonparametric tests, the coefficient of divergence, and enrichment factor. The results showed that the mass fraction (1%-20%) in sequential order of the elements in PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ in Tianjin road dust fall were Si > Al > Ca > Fe > Mg > K > Na. The coefficient of divergence of elements in PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 was 0.06, indicating that the elements profiles of PM₁₀ might be similar to PM_2.5. The elements of Cd and Cr in PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 were at a high level of enrichment degree, and Zn, Cu, Pb, and As showed significant enrichment. The main sources of the elements in PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 road dust fall in Tianjin were soil dust, construction dust, traffic dust (motor vehicle exhaust, tire wear, and brake wear), and coal combustion.

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