摘要:黄河流域是我国重要的生态功能区，在我国经济社会发展和生态安全方面的作用举足轻重。如何及时、准确的获取黄河流域生态环境质量的时空格局与演变趋势，对黄河流域生态环境保护和建设具有重要意义。利用Google Earth Engine（GEE）平台，筛选目标年份及其前后各1年的夏季（6-9月）Landsat遥感影像，去除有云像元，掩膜水体信息，采取中值合成提取绿度、湿度、热度和干度4个生态指标，通过主成分分析快速构建遥感生态指数（RSEI）。结果表明：（1）绿度（NDVI）、湿度（Wet）、热度（LST）和干度（NDSI）4个指标在第1主成分（PC1）上的平均贡献率为89.60%，依据PC1构建遥感生态指数（RSEI）在黄河流域是可行的。（2）1990-2019年，黄河流域RSEI总体呈现出"快速变好→缓慢转好"2个阶段，1990-2000年增长趋势平均为0.005/a，增长率为11.69%，生态环境质量等级由差转为较差（10.18万km²）、较差转为中等（5.69万km²）、中等转为良（7.08万km²）贡献较大；2000-2019年增长趋势平均为0.001/a，增长率仅为3.86%，生态环境质量等级由较差转为差（6.10万km²）、良转为中等（4.09万km²）贡献较大。（3）1990-2019年，黄河流域生态环境质量提升的面积占黄河流域总面积的76.38%，其中显著提升的面积占26.14%；生态环境质量降低的面积占黄河流域总面积23.62%，其中显著降低的面积仅占1.46%。30年来黄河流域生态环境质量整体向好，实施生态工程的黄河上中游地区生态环境质量提升最快，而一些国家重点经济开发区生态环境质量有所恶化，使用GEE平台可以及时、准确的获取黄河流域生态环境质量的时空格局与演变趋势。



Abstract:The Yellow River Basin is an important ecological function area in China and plays an important role in the economic and social development and the ecological security of our country. How to obtain the temporal and spatial pattern and evolution trend of ecological environment quality in the Yellow River Basin in time and accurately is of great significance to the protection and construction of ecological environment in the Yellow River Basin. In this paper, Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform was used to filter the Landsat remote sensing images of the summer (June-September) from the target year and before-after the target year. The greenness (NDVI), wetness (Wet), heat (LST) and dryness (NDSI) were calculated by removing the cloud pixels, masking the water body information, and taking the median composites. Based on this, the remote sensing based ecological index (RSEI) was established quickly through Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed that:(1) the average contribution rate of NDVI, Wet, LST and NDSI on the first principal component (PC1) was 89.60%, and it was feasible to construct RSEI based on PC1 in the Yellow River Basin. (2) From 1990 to 2019, the RSEI presented two stages as a whole:rapid improvement and slow improvement. But from 1990 to 2000, the average growth trend was 0.005/a, with a growth rate of 11.69%, because the contribution from very poor to poor (101800 km²), poor to medium (56900 km²) and medium to good (70800 km²) of ecological environmental quality levels was greater. From 2000 to 2019, the average growth trend was 0.001/a, with a growth rate of 3.86% only, because the contribution from poor to very poor (61000 km²) and good to medium (40900 km²) of ecological environmental quality levels was greater. (3) From 1990 to 2019, the improvement of ecological environment quality accounted for 76.38% of the total area of the Yellow River Basin, among which the significant improvement accounted for 26.14%; the reduction of ecological environment quality accounted for 23.62% of the total area of the Yellow River Basin, among which the significant reduction accounted for 1.46% only. In the past 30 years, the ecological environment quality of the Yellow River Basin has improved as a whole. The ecological environment quality of the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin has improved the fastest, where the ecological projects have been carried out by our country. While the ecological environment quality of some national key economic development zones has deteriorated. By using the GEE platform, the temporal and spatial pattern and evolution trend of ecological environment quality in the Yellow River Basin can be obtained in time and accurately.





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