摘要:理解生态系统服务间的相互关系，对于区域生态系统服务的管理和优化具有重要意义。以科尔沁沙地为研究区，评估了2000-2018年植被净初级生产力、产水服务、土壤保持服务和风力侵蚀负服务的时空变化，基于分位数分割法提取生态系统服务对之间相互关系的约束线，分析景观水平和类水平上生态系统服务对之间的约束关系，并用约束关系的阈值、约束线回归方程的斜率和常数项来表征约束线的关键特征值。结果表明：（1）2000—2018年科尔沁沙地植被净初级生产力、产水量、土壤保持量和风力侵蚀量的多年均值分别为256.5 gC/m²，211.9 mm，26.3 t/km²和3.8 t/m²；整体上，这四项关键生态系统服务有所改善。在空间上，植被净初级生产力改善的区域主要位于东南部和中部地区；产水量在中部偏南的区域增加；土壤保持量主要在西北部和西南边缘有显著增加；中部和北部地区的风力侵蚀量有所减少，南部的翁牛特旗、奈曼旗和科尔沁左翼后旗等旗县作为风蚀重度区，风力侵蚀仍在加剧，应当重点治理。（2）植被净初级生产力与产水量、土壤保持量、风力侵蚀量的约束线，产水量与土壤保持量、风力侵蚀量的约束线均呈抛物线型；而土壤保持量与风力侵蚀量的约束关系呈线性类型。这些约束线的类型在2000-2018年间几乎保持不变。（3）植被净初级生产力的变化对其他生态系统服务的动态起到放大器的作用。它微小的变化会引起其他生态系统服务较大幅度的变化，是塑造约束关系强度的关键性服务。约束线阈值范围能够为合理利用区域植被净初级生产力提供初步依据，可以使植被净初级生产力对其他服务的负面约束作用最小化。（4）林地和草地提供土壤保持服务的能力较耕地水平高。在景观管理实践中，应重点发展草地、林地生态系统；在耕作条件适宜的地区选择需水量较少、耐旱的农作物并实施节水灌溉，以提高科尔沁沙地景观总体生态系统服务的供给能力。探究生态系统服务对的约束关系及识别其关键特征可以为土地利用优化，调整管理措施及实现区域可持续性提供科学依据。



Abstract:Understanding the constraint relationship among ecosystem services is significance for the management and optimization of regional ecosystem services. In this study, we estimated the spatial pattern of net primary productivity (NPP), water yield (WY), soil conservation (SC) and wind erosion (WE) service in Horqin Sandy Land during 2000—2018. Then, based on quantile segmentation method to extract the constraint line of four paired ecosystem services, this study discussed the constraint effects between paired ecosystem services and analyzed the key features (including threshold, slope and constant term) of the constraint lines. The results showed that:(1) the average values of NPP, WY, SC and WE in Horqin Sandy Land from 2000 to 2018 were 256.5 gC/m², 211.9 mm, 26.3 t/km² and 3.8 t/m², respectively. Overall, the key ecosystem services increased. Spatially, the increase of NPP were mainly in the southeast and central regions; the WY increased in the south-central regions; the increases of SC centered on northwest and southwest margins; the WE decreased in the central and northern regions and increased in southern sandy land. Due to severe desertification, counties in the south such as Wengniute Banner, Naiman Banner, and Horqin Zuoyihou Banner should be ecologically restored. (2) The constraint lines of NPP-WY, NPP-SC, NPP-WE, WY-SC and WY-WE were parabolic. The constraint relationship between SC-WE was linear. The types of these constraint lines were almost unchanged during 2000-2018. (3) As an amplifier, the NPP is a key service that shaped the strength of the constraint relationship. A slight change of NPP resulted in a large variation of other ecosystem services. The threshold range of constraint line can provide a preliminary basis for a reasonable use of NPP targeting at minimizing the negative constraint effect of NPP on other services. (4) Forest and grassland provided a higher level of soil conservation than farmland. Therefore, in the practice of landscape management, we should focus on the development of grassland and forest ecosystems. What's more, farmland development should be located in the flat areas. It's better to select crop types that require less water and tolerant to drought, so as to improve the overall supply capacity of ecosystem services in the Horqin Sandy Land landscape. Understanding the constraints of ecosystem service pairs and identifying their key characteristics are of great significance for optimization of land use, adjustment of management measures and realization of regional sustainability.





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