摘要:由于不同的区域存在着资源分配、经济发展的不平等性，区域间的生态补偿日益受到关注。但区域生态补偿的依据一直存在争议，中国尚没有完善的区域综合生态补偿机制。提出了一种生态系统服务外溢理论，以扣除当地生态服务使用量后外溢的生态价值作为生态补偿依据，建立了区域综合生态补偿框架，同时考虑区域生态服务外溢占用情况和经济发展水平，有针对性地制定了9种补偿方案。由于生态系统服务具有流动性，生态补偿的受偿方和补偿方并非一一对应的关系，所以各行政区域之间进行补偿资金的。横向转移需要在全省或全国层面进行统筹和保障，最后统筹结果的少量盈缺再由中央财政或地方政府通过纵向转移支付辅助调平。构建了生态补偿模型和方案，针对现有生态系统服务价值评估结果，利用综合生态补偿机制分别分析了2015年长江流域上海、江西、四川等6个典型地区的生态补偿支付方案。结果表示需要接受生态补偿的地区有青海、四川、湖南和江西，应分别得到横向转移支付资金32.26亿元、153.3亿元、59.08亿元、67.1亿元；需要提供生态补偿的地区有浙江、上海，应该分别支付横向转移支付资金1.97亿元和47.31亿元。建立的补偿框架提高了各区域的参与度，对促进生态建设、统筹区域的协调发展、体现社会公平性有重要意义。



Abstract:Ecological compensation is an important measure to promote ecological environmental protection and coordinate the balance of resources and economy. Due to the inequality of resource allocation and economic development in different regions, ecological compensation between regions has become more and more important. However, the basis of regional ecological compensation has been controversial. If the government takes the value of all ecosystem services in the region as the standard of ecological compensation, the compensation amount is too high, and the lack of reasonable compensation mechanism leads to the situation that the ecosystem service accounting research is more and less applied. China doesn't have a regionally comprehensive ecological compensation mechanism now. This study proposes an ecosystem service spillover theory, which deducts the ecological value of spillover after the local ecological service usage as the basis of ecological compensation, and establishes a regionally comprehensive ecological compensation framework. Occupying areas that use other regions' ecological services to develop the economy or over-consume local ecological services provide ecological compensation to compensate or punish their adverse effects on the ecological environment. Overflowing areas that provide ecological services to other regions or abandon the use of local ecological assets to develop economic spillover areas accept ecological compensation to pay or reward its beneficial contribution to the ecological environment. At the same time, taking into account the regional ecological service spillover occupation and economic development level, this study makes 9 kinds compensation plans for different areas. Because of the liquidity of ecosystem services, the ecological compensation recipients and compensators are not one-to-one correspondence. Therefore, the horizontal transfer of compensation funds between administrative regions needs to be coordinated and guaranteed at the provincial or national level. The resulting small surplus is then leveled by the central government or local government through vertical transfer payments. According to the evaluation results of existing ecosystem services, the regionally ecological compensation mechanism established in this paper is used to analyze the ecological compensation payment schemes of 6 typical areas in the Yangtze River Basin, such as Shanghai, Jiangxi and Sichuan and so on in 2015. The results indicated that Qinghai, Sichuan, Hunan and Jiangxi, which need to accept ecological compensation, should receive horizontal transfer payments of 3.226 billion yuan, 15.33 billion yuan, 5.908 billion yuan, and 6.71 billion yuan, respectively. The areas that need to provide ecological compensation are Zhejiang and Shanghai. They should pay a total of 0.197 billion yuan and 4.731 billion yuan of horizontal transfer payments. Since the ecological accounting needs to be oriented to a certain scale or above, the ecological compensation mechanism.





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