摘要:我国南方红壤区具有丰富的水热资源和优越的社会区位条件，是重要的农业生产基地。由于长期高强度的农业开发，同时山地丘陵的坡度较大，降水集中且强度大，导致该区生态功能退化、环境问题突出，威胁粮食安全和生态安全。以南方红壤区为研究对象，利用估算区域植被净生产力（Carnegie Ames-Stanford Approach，CASA）模型、InVEST模型及修正通用土壤流失方程（RUSLE）定量评估了该区退耕还林前后植被净初级生产力（Net Primary Production，NPP）、农作物生产（Crop Production，CP）、土壤保持（Soil Conservation，SC）和产水（Water Yield，WY）四种生态系统服务；采用偏相关分析和空间自相关分析探讨了各项生态系统服务间权衡与协同关系的时空变化特征和集聚特征，揭示了退耕还林对南方红壤区的多种生态系统服务间相互关系的影响。结果表明：（1）退耕还林后，南方红壤区的NPP、CP、SC和WY总体增强，但部分区域呈现减弱趋势。其中，NPP在南部呈现减弱趋势，SC在东北部减弱，CP与WY均在东南沿海减弱；（2）退耕还林后，NPP与WY间由极显著协同关系（r=0.315，P=0.025）转变为显著权衡关系（r=-0.279，P=0.059）：而SC与WY间由无显著相关转变为极显著权衡关系（r=-0.427，P=0.024）；（3）退耕还林前后，南方红壤区的NPP、CP和SC的空间分布格局均未发生显著变化，而WY的空间分布发生较大变化；（4）四种生态系统服务间的权衡与协同关系空间异质性显著，CP-SC关系的Moran's I指数最小（0.012），NPP-SC和NPP-WY关系的Moran's I指数均大于0.7。研究结果有利于深入理解退耕还林对南方红壤区生态系统服务时空变化的影响，并为确定生态脆弱区的生态农林牧业的发展方向与面向可持续发展目标的生态系统服务优化调控提供科学依据。



Abstract:The red soil region of southern China is an important agricultural production base because it is rich in water, heat resources, and has an excellent social location. However, the long-term and intensive farming, the large slope of hills and the concentrated and strong precipitation trigger many environmental problems such as the ecological function degradation, which threatens the food and ecological security. Therefore, it is urgent to study the changes of ecosystem services in the region. This paper used the Carnegie Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA) model, InVEST model, and RUSLE to quantitatively evaluate the Net Primary Productivity (NPP), Crop Production (CP), Soil Conservation (SC), and Water Yield (WY) in the red region of southern China before and after Grain-for-Green Project (GTGP). The temporal and spatial characteristics of tradeoffs and synergies among different ecosystem services were discussed using partial correlation analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis. The effect of GTGP on the relationships among various ecosystem services was determined. The results showed that:(1) after GTGP, NPP, CP, SC and WY in the red soil region of southern China all increased overall, but some areas still presented a weakening trend. The NPP indicated a weakening trend in the south, SC showed a weakening trend in the northeast, and both CP and WY showed a weakening trend in the southeast coast. (2) After GTGP, the relationship between NPP and WY changed from very significant synergies (r=0.315, P=0.025) to significant tradeoffs (r=-0.279, P=0.059); no significant synergies relationship between SC and WY changed to significant tradeoffs (r=-0.427, P=0.024); the rest of the relationship of ecosystem services has not changed much. (3) Before and after GTGP, the distribution pattern of NPP, CP, and SC did not change significantly, and the distribution pattern of WY changed dramatically with significant increase in Northeast and Southwest. (4) Spatially, the trade-offs and synergies among the four ecosystem services were significantly heterogeneous. The Moran's I index of the CP-SC was the smallest (0.012), and the Moran's I index of the NPP-SC and NPP-WY were all greater than 0.7, all other Moran's I index are greater than 0. The results of this article are conducive to the depth understanding the impact of GTGP on the spatial and temporal changes of ecosystem services, and provide a scientific basis of determine the development direction of ecological agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry in vulnerable ecologically areas and the optimization of ecosystem services for sustainable development in the red soil region of southern China.





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