摘要:西部城市群快速发展加剧了城市之间的竞争，自然资源消耗过快导致各市改善生态环境努力的差异加大，生态占用不公平对生态系统的影响给城市群实现联合国17个可持续发展目标（17 SDGs）带来了困难。在描述2007-2018年关中城市群人均生态足迹（ef）、人均碳足迹（cf）、人均水足迹（wf）和城市发展指数（CDI）时空演变特征的基础上，采用基尼系数评价了生态占用公平性对城市群实现17 SDGs的影响。结果显示，①关中城市群各市CDI年均增长率低于ef、cf、wf，城市发展滞后于资源消耗，不利于实现17 SDGs。②碳压力与碳承载的匹配度趋于优化，生态压力同生态承载、水资源压力同水承载的匹配度下降。③生态压力同CDI的空间均衡程度相对公平且稳定，碳压力、水资源压力同CDI的空间均衡程度下降，城市发展同承载力贡献差异性显著。建立监测城市群社会经济活动同生态占用公平程度的分析框架，揭示了生态占用公平在实现SDGs情境中有利于保护森林与耕地、提高城市群内城市改善生态环境的努力水平和平衡好各市在发展与保护之间的取舍的影响。为此，提出改善城市群生态环境治理框架、加强城市大气污染治理和城乡废物管理、建立跨域生态环境共保联治机制等建议。



Abstract:The rapid development of urban agglomerations has intensified competition between cities. Excessive consumption of natural resources has led to greater differences in the efforts of cities to improve the ecological environment. The impact of unfair ecological occupancy on the ecosystem has caused difficulties for urban agglomerations to achieve the 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) of the United Nations. Using the temporal and spatial evolution of the Guanzhong urban agglomeration (GUA)'s per capita ecological footprint (ef), per capita carbon footprint (cf), per capita water footprint (wf), and city development index (CDI) from 2007 to 2018, the Gini coefficient (GC) was used to reveal the impact of unfair ecological occupancy on the 17 SDGs in urban agglomerations. The results show that ① the average annual growth of the CDI for each city in the GUA is in the range of 1.66% and 2.52%, but the average annual growth rates of ef, cf, and wf are in the range of[1.46%, 5.53%],[-3.70%, 7.30%] and [-3.62%, 4.41%], respectively. This shows that urban development lags behind resource consumption, which is not conducive to the realization of 17 SDGs. ② The degree to which carbon pressure and carbon capacity are matched tended to be optimized; the degree to which ecological pressure is matched with ecological capacity and water pressure with water capacity decreased. ③ The urban development GC for the ecological footprint and ecological capacity GC were both below the warning line of 0.4, which shows that the degree to which ecological pressure and the CDI match was relatively fair and stable. The urban development GC for the carbon footprint and carbon capacity GC, and urban development GC for the water footprint and water capacity GC all exceeded 0.4 in 2018; the spatial equality in carbon pressure, water resource pressure and the CDI decreased. The contribution of urban development and capacity is significantly different. The establishment of an analytical framework for monitoring the social and economic activities within and the ecological occupancy fairness of urban agglomerations reveals that ecological occupancy fairness is conducive to protecting forests and cultivated land in the context of achieving the 17 SDGs, increasing efforts to improve the ecological environment within cities in urban agglomerations and balancing the trade-offs between development and conservation in each city. The footprint family of indicators have complementary characteristics when evaluating the temporal and spatial evolution of urban agglomeration ecosystems. The main contribution of this paper is to use the CDI and footprint family to establish an analytical framework for monitoring the development and ecological occupancy of urban agglomerations. Finally, on the basis of the result that unfairness between ecological occupation and urban development affects the ability of urban agglomerations to achieve the 17 SDGs, improvements in the ecological environment governance framework for urban agglomerations, the strengthening of air pollution control and waste management in urban agglomerations, and the establishment of an urban agglomeration-ecological environment joint protection mechanism are proposed.





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