摘要:绿地可达性与公平性是衡量城市居民接触和使用绿地便捷程度与机会的重要指标，也是评价和反映城市绿地资源空间配置科学性与合理性的重要体现，并与城市环境、生态、健康、社会和可持续发展密切相关。已有研究较少从多个尺度、多种出行模式测度绿地可达性与公平性。以广州为研究区域，结合出行O-D点智能查询系统（Travel O-D Point Intelligent Query System，TIQS）构建了多出行模式两步移动搜索法模型（Multi-mode Two-step Floating Catchment Area Method，M2SFCA）和绿地公平性模型，对广州绿地可达性和公平性空间格局与差异进行了研究。研究发现：（1）广州多尺度绿地可达性水平存在明显的"城郊两极化"空间差异，低绿地可达性区域集聚于人口密度较高的中心城区，而人口较少的外围城市区域绿地可达性值普遍较高。（2）广州市域绿地资源空间分布处于严重不公平状态（绿地公平性指数为0.58），且各行政区之间也存在较大差异，南沙区、天河区和花都区绿地公平性相对较好，其他区域绿地资源空间分配均有待提高与优化。（3）在镇街层面，有73.29%的镇街绿地资源空间分配处于高度平均水平（绿地公平性指数≤0.2）；在社区层面，低可达性-公平类型的社区数量最多（占社区总量的39.85%），高可达性类型的社区分布最少：有15.91%的社区属于高可达性-公平类型，有12.94%的社区属于高可达性-不公平类型。研究结论将为优化城市区域绿地空间结构、保障绿地空间公平提供科学依据。



Abstract:The accessibility and equity of green spaces are important indicators to measure the environmental, ecological and social benefits of urban green spaces, and also important manifestations to evaluate and reflect the scientific and rational spatial allocation of urban green spaces resources, which are closely related to urban environment, ecology, health, society and sustainable development. Previous studies seldom measure the accessibility and equity of urban green spaces from multiple scales and multiple travel modes. In addition, the traditional method of ArcGIS network analysis is mostly used to estimate the green spaces accessibility of a single travel mode (such as car or walking), while the green spaces accessibility of different travel modes is seldom considered and measured at the same time, and different people have different choices for travel modes. It is necessary to explore the measurement method of green spaces accessibility considering multiple travel modes, so as to provide a scientific basis for a more comprehensive study of the rationality, accessibility and equity of the spatial distribution of urban green spaces resources. In this paper, taking Guangzhou as the research area, combined with the Travel O-D Point Intelligent Query System, a Multi-mode Two-step Floating Catchment Area Method Modes and a green spaces equity model are constructed respectively, and the spatial pattern and difference of green spaces accessibility and equity in Guangzhou are studied. The results show that (1) there are distinct "suburban polarization" spatial differences in the accessibility level of multiscale green space in Guangzhou. Areas of low green spaces accessibility are concentrated in the central city with higher population density, while the accessibility value of green spaces in the periphery with a smaller population is generally higher. (2) The spatial distribution of green spaces in Guangzhou is seriously unfair (the green equity index is 0.58). There are also significant differences among administrative regions. Nansha District, Tianhe District, and Huadu District have good fairness in green spaces, and the spatial distribution of green space in other regions needs to be improved and optimized. (3) At the subdistrict level, 73.29% of the green spaces are distributed at a high average level (green spaces equity index≤0.2). At the community level, the number of communities with low accessibility-equity type is the largest (accounting for 39.85% of the total community). The communities with high accessibility type are the least distributed: 15.91% of the communities belonging to high accessibility-equity type and 12.94% of the communities belonging to high accessibility-inequity type. The research conclusion will provide scientific bases for optimizing the spatial structure of urban green spaces and ensuring the equity of green spaces.





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