摘要:分析长白山林区典型天然次生林的建群种种群结构及动态特征，揭示关键种群的生存现状和发展趋势，以期为研究区的天然林保护与修复提供基础资料和理论依据。基于24块1 hm²的固定样地数据，通过编制种群静态生命表，拟合并绘制种群存活曲线，运用生存分析、种群数量化分析和时间序列分析，定量研究2种典型天然次生林4个建群种的种群结构与动态特征。结果显示，4个种群的存活曲线总体均趋于Deevey-Ⅱ型，但所属亚型有所区别。臭冷杉（Abies nephrolepis）种群死亡率波动较大，在不同龄级出现了多次死亡高峰；鱼鳞云杉（Picea jezoensis var. microsperma）和蒙古栎（Quercus mongolica）种群死亡率随龄级增大逐步递增；红松（Pinus koraiensis）种群在各龄级上的死亡率均较高。数量化动态分析表明，4个种群均属于增长型，增长潜力为红松 > 臭冷杉 > 鱼鳞云杉 > 蒙古栎；4个种群受外界干扰的敏感程度均较高，其中红松种群受干扰的概率最大。时间序列预测表明，臭冷杉和红松种群个体数量在未来2、4、6、8个龄级后均呈现不同幅度的增加趋势，增长势态稳定。鱼鳞云杉和蒙古栎种群在幼、中龄级表现出衰退迹象。结论表明，臭冷杉和红松种群的自然更新较好，增长潜力较大，但同时受外界干扰的敏感程度也较高。鱼鳞云杉和蒙古栎种群的自然更新不足，增长潜力小，群落存在偏离稳定状态的风险。建议严格保护臭冷杉和红松种群的生境，适度开展疏伐抚育；改善鱼鳞云杉和蒙古栎种群空间格局，及时实施人工促进天然更新，促进群落进展演替。



Abstract:The population structure and dynamic characteristics of the typically natural secondary forests in Changbai Mountain forest region were investigated to reveal the survival status and development trend of the key populations, so as to provide a basic information and theoretical basis for the protection and restoration of the natural forests in the research area. Based on the survey data of 24 fixed plots of 1 hm², the population structure and dynamic characteristics of 4 constructive species in 2 typically natural secondary forests were quantitatively described by establishing a static life table of the population and drawing a survival curve of the population. The development trends were researched by survival analysis, population quantitative analysis, and time series analysis. The results showed that all the survival curves of four populations tended to be the Deevey-Ⅱ type, but the subtypes were different. The population mortality of Abies nephrolepis fluctuated greatly, with the multiple mortality peaks occurred in different age classes. The mortality of Picea jezoensis var. microsperma and Quercus Mongolica increased gradually with age class. The mortality of Pinus koraiensis was high at all age classes. The quantitative dynamic analysis showed that the four populations belonged to growth type, and the growth potential was Pinus koraiensis > Abies nephrolepis > Picea jezoensis var. microsperma > Quercus Mongolica. The four populations were highly sensitive to the external disturbances, among which Pinus koraiensis had the highest probability of being disturbed. The time series prediction showed that the number of Abies nephrolepis and Pinus koraiensis increased at different ranges after 2, 4, 6 and 8 age classes, and the growth trend was stable. The populations of Picea jezoensis var. microsperma and Quercus Mongolica showed signs of decline in young and middle age classes. The conclusion indicated that the natural regeneration of Pinus koraiensis and Abies nephrolepis populations was better and the growth potential was higher, but the sensitivity to external disturbance was also higher. The natural regeneration of Picea jezoensis var. microsperma and Quercus Mongolica populations was insufficient, the growth potential was small, and the community had the risk of deviation from stable state. In order to promote community succession and development, it is suggested to strictly protect the habitats of Abies nephrolepis and Pinus koraiensis populations and moderately carry out thinning and tending. Furtherly, we should improve the spatial pattern of the populations of Picea jezoensis var. microsperma and Quercus Mongolica, and implement artificial promotion of natural regeneration in time.





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