摘要:通过田间试验，研究在设施菜地上施用不同剂量的鸡粪有机肥对土壤-植物系统中重金属的累积、重金属有效性和土壤微生物群落结构的影响，进一步探讨土壤微生物群落结构与土壤重金属之间的相关关系。结果表明，与对照相比，施用有机肥可提高小白菜地上部生物量，其中施肥量为60 t/hm²时值最大，增幅为59.92%；小白菜地上部Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn和As含量均大幅增加，但Pb含量无明显变化。土壤重金属Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn和As的全量均随鸡粪有机肥施加量的增加而增大，最高增幅分别为21.30%、21.58%、17.40%、19.40%和17.43%，出现明显的累积现象；施用有机肥均增加了土壤Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn和As的有效态含量，而Pb的全量和有效态含量无显著变化；除重金属Pb外，不同重金属元素全量与有效态含量均显著正相关，其中元素Zn的全量与有效态含量相关性最强。磷脂脂肪酸（PLFA）分析结果表明，土壤中含量较高的PLFA为16：0、18：1ω7c、10Me16：0和18：1ω9c，土壤微生物总PLFA和各类群PLFA含量均呈现M0.5 > M1 > CK > M2 > M4；相关性分析结果表明，土壤Cu、As全量和Cd、Cr、Cu、As有效态含量与微生物总PLFA和各类群PLFA含量均呈现显著负相关关系，其中有效态Cr和Cu含量对微生物群落结构的影响最为显著。



Abstract:A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different doses organic fertilizers from chicken manure on the heavy metals accumulation and availability in soil-plant system, as well as soil microbial community structure in a facility vegetable soil. In addition, the correlation between soil microbial community structure and soil heavy metals was further discussed. The results showed that addition of organic fertilizers from chicken manure increased the shoot fresh weight of the Chinese cabbage. The treatment received 60 t/hm² organic fertilizers was the most significant, where the shoot fresh weight increased by 59.92% compared with control. The application of organic fertilizers increased the shoot Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn and As concentrations of the tested cultivars except of Pb. The contents of soil heavy metals Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, and As increased with the increase of the amount of organic fertilizers, and all reached the maximum values with the highest increases of 21.30%, 21.58%, 17.40%, 19.40% and 17.43%, respectively. Apparent accumulation of these heavy metals was found in the soil applied organic fertilizer. And the application of organic fertilizers increased the concentrations of soil available Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, and As. While the total and available Pb concentrations in soil had no significant changes in different treatments. There were significant correlations between the total and available concentrations of soil heavy metals except of Pb, in which the relativity of Zn was the strongest. The results of Phospholipid Fatty Acid (PLFA) analysis showed that the higher PLFA contents were 16:0, 18:1ω7c, 10Me16:0 and 18:1ω9c, and the order of total PLFA and soil microorganism groups PLFA contents showed as M0.5 > M1 > M2 > M4. The results of correlation analysis showed that the total contents of Cu, As and the available contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, and As were negatively correlated with the total and various groups PLFA contents, and among them, the effects of soil available Cr and Cu on microbial community structure were very significant.





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