摘要:近年来人类活动显著改变了陆地生态环境，城市化作为人类活动的重要组成部分，对陆地生态环境中的水环境也产生了深刻的影响。以杭州市作为研究区，以京杭运河杭州段为研究对象，在对水质监测点建立不同半径缓冲区的基础上，分析了城市景观格局对河网水环境的影响。结果表明：（1）京杭运河杭州段城市景观和农村景观镶嵌分布，河网水系发达，景观破碎化程度高，斑块形状复杂多变，城乡交错带特征典型，人类活动强度高低分化明显；（2）各种景观类型沿河分布的空间特征明显，景观格局指数随缓冲半径的增大而变化，当缓冲半径达到1000m以后格局指数维持相对稳定状态；（3）京杭运河杭州段水系的氮源污染物含量整体处于较高水平，总磷含量处于低水平。水质受到建设用地和农业用地的影响较高；（4）不同的景观格局指数对不同的水质指标在不同的时期具有一定的解释能力，且同一景观指数在汛期和非汛期对水环境的影响作用差异较大甚至相反，景观格局在河网密集型城市区域对河流水环境影响的整体利弊还需进一步权衡量化。



Abstract:In recent years, human activities have significantly changed theterrestrial ecological environments. As an essential component of human activities, urbanization has a profound impact on the aquatic environment, which is one of terrestrial ecological environments. In this article, Hangzhou City was used as the research area, and the Hangzhou section of the BeijingHangzhou Grand Canal was taken as the research object. Based on the establishment of buffer zones with different radii for water quality monitoring sites, the impact of urban landscape patterns on the aquatic environment of river networks was analyzed. The results indicate that:(1) the urban and rural landscapes in the Hangzhou section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal possess a mosaic structure, developed river network, high degree of landscape fragmentation, complex and diverse patch shape, typical characteristics of urban-rural fringe, and obvious differentiation of human activity intensity. (2) The spatial features of the various landscape types distributed along the river are very distinct. The landscape pattern index changes with the increase of the buffer radius. Once the buffer radius reaches 1000 meters, the landscape pattern index maintains a relatively stable state.(3) The content of nitrogen pollutants in the water system in the Hangzhou section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal is generally at a high level, and the total phosphorus (TP) content is at a low level. Lands for construction and agriculture have a relatively high influence on water quality.(4) Different landscape pattern indexes have certain explanatory power for different water quality indexes during different periods, and the impact of the same landscape index on the aquatic environment in flood seasons and non-flood seasons is quite different and even opposite. The overall pros and cons of the impact of landscape pattern in dense river network urban areas on river aquatic environments need to be further weighted.





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