摘要:为研究不同CO₂浓度升高和氮肥水平对水稻叶绿素荧光特性的影响，利用由开顶式气室（OTC）组成的CO₂浓度自动调控平台开展田间试验。以粳稻9108为试验材料，CO₂浓度设置CK（对照，环境大气CO₂浓度）、C₁（CO₂浓度比CK增加160 μmol/mol）和C₂（CO₂浓度比CK增加200 μmol/mol）3个水平；氮肥设置低氮（N₁：10 g/m²）、中氮（N₂：20 g/m²）和高氮（N₃：30 g/m²）3个水平。结果表明，在低氮条件下，与CK相比，C₁处理使拔节期的F_o上升4.8%（P=0.031）；C₂处理使拔节期的F_o上升6.3%（P=0.015），F_v/F_m下降4.8%（P=0.003），使孕穗期的F_o上升12.7%（P=0.039），F_v/F_o下降18.2%（P=0.039）。在高氮条件下，与CK相比，C₂处理使灌浆期的F_m、F_v和F_v/F_m分别下降3.6%（P=0.039）、4.9%（P=0.013）和1.3%（P=0.039）。在中氮条件下，与CK相比，C₁和C₂处理的影响不明显。在整个生育期内，CO₂浓度升高与施氮处理交互作用对水稻叶绿素荧光特性的影响未到达显著水平。研究表明，大气CO₂浓度升高使水稻叶片光系统Ⅱ受损，抑制其电子传递能力、电子受体Q_A氧化还原情况、最大光化学效率和潜在活性，通过适量施氮可以有效地缓解其负面效应。



Abstract:To examine the effects of different levels of elevated CO₂ concentration and nitrogen fertilization on chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of rice, a field experiment was conducted with automatic control system of CO₂ concentration in open-top-chamber (OTC). Using Japonica rice 9108 as the test material, the CO₂ concentration levels were set to control with ambient atmospheric CO₂ concentration (CK), CO₂ concentration increased by 160 μmol/mol over CK (C₁), and CO₂ concentration increased by 200 μmol/mol over CK (C₂); nitrogen fertilizer levels were set to low nitrogen (N₁:10 g/m²), middle nitrogen (N₂:20 g/m²), and high nitrogen (N₃:30 g/m²). The results showed that under low nitrogen condition, compared to CK, C₁ treatment increased F_o by 4.8% (P=0.031) at the jointing stage; C₂ treatment increased F_o by 6.3% (P=0.015) and F_v/F_m by 4.8% (P=0.003) at the jointing stage, as well as increased F_o by 12.7% (P=0.039) and F_v/F_o by 18.2% (P=0.039) at the booting stage. Under high nitrogen condition, compared with CK, C₂ treatment respectively decreased F_m, F_v and F_v/F_m by 3.6% (P=0.039), 4.9% (P=0.013), and 1.3% (P=0.039) during the filling stage. Compared with CK, the effects of C₁ and C₂ treatments were not obvious under the condition of middle nitrogen. During the whole growth period, the interaction effects of the elevated CO₂ concentration and nitrogen application on the chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of rice did not reach a significant level. Our results suggest that the elevated CO₂ concentration increases photodamage to photosystem II of rice leaves and has certain inhibitory effects on its electron transfer capability, redox status of electron acceptor Q_A, maximum photochemical efficiency and potential activity. The negative effects can be effectively mitigated by proper nitrogen application.





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