摘要:辨识生态修复空间是进行生态恢复与重建的重要前提。在流域尺度，以长江源区为研究对象，构建了青藏高原生态修复空间辨识框架，以定量方法为主、定性方法为辅，依次开展了区域主导生态系统服务评估、生态风险评估、植被退化评价，识别了生态修复优先区，提出了系统保护与修复建议。结果表明：①2000年、2015年长江源区生态系统服务呈现从西北部向东南部增加的趋势，单位面积水源涵养量、土壤保持量分别下降18.06%、22.9%，单位面积防风固沙量增加8.84%，NPP未发生显著变化。②生态风险以1、2、3级中低风险为主，面积占比共计74.41%；4级区面积占比19.35%；5级区面积占比仅6.24%，集中分布于称多、玉树和唐古拉山。不同风险等级呈圈层递减的分布格局。③2000-2015年NDVI增长率为0.013%/a。绝大部分草地未发生退化，轻度退化草地面积占比0.82%；中重度退化草地面积占比1.09%；④严格施行划区轮牧和草畜平衡管理，坚持以自然修复为主、辅以人工修复，治理黑土滩、沙化土地、水土流失。对于昂日曲、麻多乡北、加巧曲等9个地块（393.75 km²），严格封禁，针对性地实施沙化地修复、黑土滩修复、草原有害生物防控工程等人工干预和保护措施。研究结果能为青藏高原生态系统服务功能维护和提升、退化生态系统的修复治理提供理论依据和技术支撑。



Abstract:Identification of ecological restoration space is an important prerequisite for ecological restoration and reconstruction. At the watershed scale, the Source Region of Yangtze River (SRYR) was thoroughly studied by quantitative method combining with qualitative method aiming at establishing an identification framework for ecological restoration space. The ecological restoration priority areas were identified and recommendations for systematic protection and restoration were proposed according to assessment of the dominated ecosystem service, ecological risk, and vegetation degradation, respectively. The results indicated that ① ecosystem services increased from northwest to southeast in the SRYR in 2000 and 2015. The amount of water conservation and soil retention per unit area decreased by 18.06% and 22.9%, respectively; while the amount of wind and sand fixation per unit area increased by 8.84%, and the Net Primary Productivity (NPP) did not change significantly. ② The ecological risks based on ecosystem services were mainly medium to low levels listed in grade 1, 2 and 3,accouning for 74.41%. The area in grade 4 accounted for 19.35% of the whole region. The grade 5 ecological risk was concentrated in Chindu county, Yushu city and Tanggula Mountain, accounting for only 6.24%. The distribution pattern of different risk levels was a decreasing circle. ③ The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) increased by 0.013% annually from 2000 to 2015. The majority of grassland did not degrade. The area of mildly degraded grassland accounted for 0.82%. The area of moderately and severely degraded grassland accounted for 1.09%. ④ In order to control black soil, sandy land and soil erosion, natural restoration and supplemented by artificial restoration was insisted via strict management of rotational grazing and forage-livestock balance. Grazing was strictly prohibited in nine plots (393.75 km²), i.e. Angriqu, the north of Maduo village, Jiaqiaoqu, Dawanglu, Quguomaxia, Duocaiqu, the north of Chindu county, and Zhaqu. The manual intervention and protection measures were pertinently implemented for restoration of sandy land, black soil beach and grassland pest control project. The results provide theoretical basis and technical support for the maintenance and improvement of ecosystem service function and restoration and governance of the degraded ecosystem in Qinghai Tibet Plateau.





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