摘要:生物多样性保护对维持城市生态系统功能具有重要意义。以39种厦门市重点保护植物为对象，通过物种分布模型MaxENT获得物种潜在分布栅格图，利用空间保护优先化定量工具Zonation软件识别理论上既适宜重点保护植物生存又能够保证景观连通性的区域，获得本地重点保护植物景观保护等级。根据2020年全球生物多样性目标，将景观保护等级最高的17%区域视为多物种空间优先保护区，结合Zonation模型生成的随景观丧失物种加权灭绝风险曲线，将保护等级最高的8%区域划为一级保护区，保护等级在8%-17%范围内的区域划为二级保护区。利用MaxENT模型中的jackknife刀切法发现海拔是对本地重点保护植物分布影响最大的环境因子，优先保护区集中分布于海拔较低的海岸带区域。将优先保护区与自然保护地建设现状、厦门市生态功能区规划、土地利用规划、城市总体规划对比发现厦门市岛外西部、北部的优先保护区得到了较好保护；岛外的西南部及东南部、岛内的东部及南部海岸带的优先保护区被建设用地大规模占用，已纳入自然保护地范围的区域较少，存在大量的海岸带优先保护区保护空缺；岛外东南部的部分优先保护区虽未被占用，但规划中属发展备用地，缺乏生态保护。为避免优先保护区面积的进一步萎缩，应重点关注海岸带区域优先保护区的生态保护，将目前属于发展备用地的优先保护区转划为生态留白空间，针对一级、二级优先保护区分别实施刚性和弹性的生态保育措施，在保护生物多样性的同时，严控对海岸带区域优先保护区的进一步开发利用，协调优先保护区内保护与开发利用间的关系。



Abstract:Biodiversity conservation plays an important role in maintaining the function of urban ecosystem. In this study, 39 species of key protected plants in Xiamen were selected as the objects. MaxENT, a species distribution model is used to predicate the potential distribution of species. Zonation, a quantitative tool for Spatial Conservation Priority, is used to identify the areas that are suitable for the survival of key protected plants and can ensure the landscape connectivity, so as to obtain the multi species landscape protection level of local key protected plants. According to the 2020 global biodiversity target, 17% of the areas with the highest level of landscape protection will be regarded as the spatial conservation prioritization areas of multi species. Combined with the weighted extinction risk curve with landscape loss generated by zonation model, 8% of the areas with the highest level of protection are classified as primary conservation areas, and the areas with the protection level ranging from 8% to 17% are classified as secondary conservation areas. By using jackknife method in MaxENT, it is found that altitude is the most important environmental factor affecting the distribution of local key protected plants, and spatial conservation prioritization areas are concentrated in the coastal zone with lower altitude. The spatial conservation prioritization areas in this study were compared with nature reserve, the planning of ecological function zones, land use planning and urban master planning of Xiamen, it is found that the spatial conservation prioritization areas in the West and north of Xiamen are well protected; the spatial conservation prioritization areas in the coastal zone of southwest and southeast of the island and the eastern and southern of outside the Xiamen island have been occupied by construction land on a large scale. there are few areas included in the scope of nature reserves, and a large number of coastal conservation prioritization areas are vacant; although the part of the conservation prioritization areas in the southeast of outside the Xiamen island are not occupied, they are planned as reserve land for development and lack of ecological protection. In order to avoid the further reduction of conservation prioritization areas, we should focus on the ecological protection of conservation prioritization areas in the coastal zone. The conservation prioritization areas that belong to development reserve will be converted into ecological space. We should strictly control the further development and utilization of conservation prioritization areas in the coastal zone so as to protect biodiversity. For the primary and secondary conservation areas, we should implement rigid and flexible ecological conservation measures, and coordinate the relationship between protection and development in conservation prioritization areas.





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