摘要:结合生态学基本原理，综合分析各类要素与感知，并以可持续发展为目标研究土地利用规划、建设与管理的"景感生态学"是湿地公园规划设计的重要指导理论，综合景感生态学与湿地规划设计两方面的研究构建了基于景感生态学理论的湿地公园规划设计路径框架。以河南省长垣市王家潭湿地公园为例，探索了基于景感生态学理论开展湿地公园规划设计的过程中，结合生态学原理与人类生理感知、心理感受进行协调环境、社会、经济三大效益的规划设计。以"源-汇"理论划定生态功能主分区，采用集聚间有离析模式结合现状设施、景观效果、地脉文脉传承进行空间边界调整，形成整体空间格局；以生态岸线发育系数、地形旷奥度结合观赏体验、空间感知创造动植物优良生境，构建湿地公园生境基底；以生态位宽度为重要指标并结合民风民俗、季相策略配置湿地公园中的优势种、伴生种采用近自然造林方式完成植物规划设计；以适度干扰原理，采用轻干扰和产景融合策略规划人类社会、经济活动的介入；同时以"智慧公园"体系初步构建物联网系统采集各类信息数据，构成信息循环反馈、场地时序更新的渐善式模型，推动场地的持续完善。从理论路径的构建、空间格局的形成、生境基底的打造、植物种群的规划、人类活动的介入、"智慧公园"的构建等角度为景感生态学理论在湿地公园中的运用提供指引。



Abstract:The landsenses ecology theory combines basic principles of ecology with comprehensive analysis of various factors and perceptions, involves researches of land use planning, construction and management, aiming at sustainable development. The landsenses ecology theory is an important guiding theory for the planning and design of wetland park which is a comprehensive site need to consider both natural and human factors. A landsenses ecological planning and design path of wetland park has been formed by referring to many researches of landsenses ecology theory and wetland park planning in this paper. The paper takes Wangjiatan wetland park in Changyuan city of Henan province as an example to explore the method of wetland park planning and design based on landsenses ecology. The landsenses ecological planning combines ecological principles with physiological and psychological perception to achieve the purpose of sustainable development which involves comprehensive consideration of economic, environmental and social benefits. In Wangjiatan wetland park, the main partition of ecological function is delimited by "Source-Sink" theory. The spatial boundaries are adjusted by the aggregate with outlines mode and consideration of existing facilities, visual effect, regional and cultural characteristics, so as to form the overall spatial pattern of the whole wetland park. The paper combines ecological shoreline development index, Kuang-Ao theory with viewing experience, spatial awareness to create suitable habitats for plants and animals and fine scenery for human. Dominant species and associated species in Wangjiatan wetland park are arranged based on niche width theory and consideration of folk custom and seasonal aspect of plants. Then those plants are designed by near-nature afforestation strategy. As an important part of the nature, human social and economic activities are also planned into the wetland park by using the strategy of light disturbance and integration of landscape with economic benefits based on the principle of moderate disturbance. Besides, the technological park system is established in Wangjiatan wetland park as the internet of things system(IOT) to collect various types of data. This system constitutes a meliorization model of cyclic process of advancement and feedback to promote continuous improvement of the site. By creating the theoretical path, delimiting the spatial pattern, creating the habitat basement, planting the plant population, planning the intervention of human activities, establishing the technological park system, the paper provides a feasible and forward guidance for the application of the landsenses ecology in wetland park planning and design.





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