摘要:城市湖泊面积萎缩、水体污染及流域生态系统功能退化已成为影响城市生存与发展的重要环境问题，明确城市湖泊时空演变特征及其生态系统服务价值响应能强化人类对城市湖泊的保护认知，对维护湖泊及流域生态系统稳定、确保城市湖泊资源可持续利用有着重要意义。选取武汉市现主城区1987、1996、2007和2016年遥感影像，提取湖泊及流域水面信息，探讨武汉城市湖泊时空演变特征及其驱动力；并结合不同时期社会经济、自然环境等实际，进行湖泊水域生态功能服务价值定量估算，探讨其对人类活动及湖泊时空演变的响应规律。主要结果如下：（1）29年间，武汉主城区湖泊水域面积共缩减82 km²，减少了56.9%；越靠近城市建成区，湖泊面积缩减越明显；湖泊面积越小，填占现象越严重；湖泊水系由1987年纵横交错的网络格局发展为2016年相互分散的独立斑块。（2）农业生产和城市建设是造成湖泊面积减少的主要原因，相关保护政策及条例的实施是湖泊面积增加的驱动因素，城市不同发展时期主要的驱动因素各异。（3）1987-2016年，武汉主城区湖泊水域生态系统服务价值由20.95亿元减少到6.78亿元，共减少了67.64%；城市建设与发展需要导致的湖泊水域面积减少和水质恶化是武汉主城区湖泊水域生态功能退化、生态服务价值降低的主要原因。（4）各生态服务功能的估算价值依次为：调蓄洪水 > 净化水质 > 涵养水源 > 提供生物栖息地 > 文化娱乐 > 教育科研 > 调节气候 > 固碳 > 释氧 > 扬尘削减，其中湖泊及流域所特有的调蓄洪水、净化水质及涵养水源等服务功能生态价值巨大，有着其他生态系统不可替代的优势。



Abstract:The area reduction, water pollution and ecosystem function degradation of urban lakes have threatened the city's health and development. Monitoring the spatio-temporal evolution of urban lakes and its impact on the ecosystem service values can help promote the perception of lake protection and provide informative data for using the lake resources in a sustainable way. It is of great significance to maintain the stability and health of urban lake ecosystem. In this study, lake distribution information was derived from the Landsat images acquired on September 26, 1987, October 4, 1996, July 31, 2007 and July 23, 2016 in Wuhan urbanized area to investigate the spatio-temporal dynamic of urban lakes and its main driving forces. Based on the varied natural, social and economic conditions in the study area, the ecosystem service values of urban lakes in different studied years were estimated accordingly. The dynamic responses of urban lake ecosystem service values to lake environment variations and human activities were also discussed. The results indicated that:(1) the lake extent in Wuhan urbanized area shrank from 143.9 km² in 1987 to 61.9 km² in 2016, with the decrease of 56.9%. Those lakes with smaller size and shorter distance to the city core were found to be occupied more significantly. Thus, the criss-crossing lake network in 1987 was divided into separate patches in 2016. (2) Human activities such as agricultural production and urban construction were found to be responsible for the majority of the lake area reduction. The implementation of lake protection measures resulted in the lake area increase. While the specific driving factors varied during the studied period. (3) Due to the lake area reduction and water quality deterioration, the lake ecosystem service value reduced from 2.095 billion Yuan in 1987 to 0.678 billion Yuan in 2016, a decrease of 67.64%. (4) The flood storage had the maximum annual value in all ecological functions, followed by waste treatment, water retention, habitats provisioning, entertainment, scientific research, climate regulation, carbon sequestration, oxygen generation, and dust interception. Urban lakes had irreplaceable advantages due to the huge economic values in flood storage, waste treatment and water retention.





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