摘要:城市湿地是城市生态系统的重要组成部分。近年来，高度的城市化发展使城市湿地原有的自然生态本底和水文特征发生根本性的变化，严重威胁到湿地生态系统的安全。为了维持良好的城市环境质量，如何维持和保护城市湿地的生态健康和可持续发展成为人们关注的热点问题。选择雄安城区（起步区、安新组团和容城组团）为研究对象，借助ArcGIS平台对Landsat遥感影像进行地类的提取和划分，采用Fragstats软件对研究区景观格局进行分析；在此基础上，利用"压力-状态-响应"模型，构建雄安城区湿地生态系统健康评价指标体系，探讨湿地的生态系统健康状况。研究结果表明：研究区耕地和建设用地占地面积大，其完整性、聚合程度和连通性优于其他景观类型；水域、未利用地和林地占地面积小，受人为活动影响，破碎化程度高，连通性比较差。研究区整体景观破碎度、聚合度较高，连通性和均匀度不显著。研究区湿地类型主要为坑塘和沟渠，湿地分布不均匀，呈现南多北少的格局；沟渠占地面积较大，完整性和连通性较好；坑塘连通性较差，破碎化程度、聚合度高于沟渠。研究区湿地生态健康综合指数为0.262，处于不健康状态，人为活动和气候是影响湿地生态环境的重要因子，急需加强湿地保护和修复工作。本研究结果为雄安新区的可持续发展和保护城市湿地资源提供理论依据。



Abstract:Urban wetland is an important part of urban ecosystem. In recent years, with the rapid development of urbanization, the original natural ecological background and hydrological characteristics of urban wetland have changed thoroughly, which seriously threatens the ecological security of wetland. In order to maintain high-quality urban environment, increasing concern has been focused on how to protect the ecological health of urban wetland and improve its sustainable development. In this study, the urban district in Xiong'an New Area (including start zone, Anxin group and Rongcheng group) was selected as the research objective. Under the support of ArcGIS platform, remote sensing data of the study area were used to extract landscape information about different land use types, and Fragstat software was used to analyze the landscape pattern characteristics. Based on landscape pattern and the characteristics of the wetlands in study district, the press-state-response (PSR) model was used to evaluate the health state of urban wetland ecosystem by building the index system of wetland ecosystem health. The results showed that the farmland and construction land in research area account for a larger proportion, and their integrity, degree of aggregation and connectivity are better than the other types of landscape. Besides, the water, unused land and woodland account for a smaller proportion. Affected by frequent human activities, these types of landscape are characterized with high degree of fragmentation and poor connectivity. In the study area, the overall landscape fragmentation and aggregation degree of the research area are high, but their connectivity and uniformity are not significant. The wetlands in this area are unevenly distributed, showing a pattern of more in the south but less in the north. The wetland types mainly consist of ditches and pit-ponds; however, their characters differ from each other. Compared to pit-ponds, the ditches cover a larger area and show a better connectivity, but their degree of fragmentation and aggregation are lower than that of the pit-ponds. The analyzing results of PSR model showed the comprehensive index of wetland ecological health is 0.262, which means that the wetland system in the research district is in the state of unhealth. Moreover, human activities and climate are the most important factors affecting the wetland ecological environment. Therefore, there is an urgent need to protect and restore wetland system in Xiong'an New Area. Finally, the results of this study provide theoretical basis for the sustainable development of Xiong'an New Area and the protection of wetland resources in urban areas.





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