摘要:目前国内外许多城市面临严重的空气污染问题，严重制约城市发展、影响人体健康。同时，部分城市（如深圳）空气质量已经达到并保持在良好的水平。探究这些城市空气质量演变过程及其调控，可为我国大量仍面临严重空气污染问题的城市提供参考和借鉴。以深圳市为案例，利用环境质量公报数据和统计年鉴数据，通过分析多个社会经济因子与典型污染物的相关关系，探究其空气质量演变特征与调控经验。结果表明，深圳市各类型空气污染物与城市社会经济发展均符合EKC模型假说，但不同污染物所处阶段不同。颗粒物、SO₂和NO₂均处于下降阶段，而O₃目前处于高水平平稳阶段。总结深圳市空气质量改善历程及调控措施，发现主要有两大方面：宏观上严格把控；微观上精准治理。宏观上，重点放在产业结构和能源结构的快速调整上，对于空气质量的改善起到了非常明显的作用。而在微观精细化的管理上，对于空气污染的治理政策要具有持续性、精准性和及时性。当下，针对首要的O₃污染问题，深圳市应重点关注城市人为排放VOCs和植物释放VOCs对O₃生成的影响，以及城市热环境对O₃浓度的影响。



Abstract:In recent years, many cities in the developing world are facing serious air pollution, which seriously restrict urban development and affect human health. Although, air quality in some cities (e.g. Shenzhen) has met the standard and maintained in fine level. Exploring the evolution and improvement patterns of air quality in these cities is of great importance to cities that still facing heavy air pollution in China to adopt effective alleviation measures. This study takes Shenzhen as a case study, to explore the evolution characteristics of air quality and changes in regulation experiences on it, by analyzing the correlation between several socio-economic factors and typical pollutants using the environmental quality bulletin and statistical yearbook data. The results show that the relationships between the main typical air pollutants and urban development level in Shenzhen conform to the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis fitting the inverted U-shaped curve. However, different types of pollutants are at different stages within the inverted U-shaped curve. Particulate matter, SO₂ and NO₂ are in the decline stage, while O₃ is in the stable stage with high concentration. We found that there were two major directions during the process of improvement and control measures for air quality in Shenzhen: rigid controlling at the macro-scope and precise regulating at the micro-scope. Macroscopically, the focus on the rapid adjustment of industrial structure and energy structure has played a very significant role in air quality improvement. In micro-scope, the air pollution control policy should be sustained, accurate and timely. At present, in order to mitigate the air pollution caused by O₃, Shenzhen should pay more attention to the effects of VOCs released by human and plants on O₃ production, and the impact of urban thermal environment on O₃ concentration.





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