摘要:建立国家公园旨在保护生态系统完整性并为民众提供多样化的使用机会，保障利益相关者利益分享的公平与可持续性。对国家公园社区居民的资源使用而言，需要他们认可保护地管理中的利益分享规则，从而规范行为，促进系统的稳健性。影响规则认可与相应行为的关键在于各个资源使用者如何评估资源价值，以及如何形成价值共识。基于社会-生态系统理论，研究利用一个界定资源价值与形成使用规则的分析框架，通过对资源价值界定的情境认知、对生态系统的意义认知和对可能规则的态度进行分析，研究武夷山国家公园体制试点建设进程中社区对"利益"的动态认知与形成原因、潜在行为变动对系统"稳健性"的影响和促进利益分享规则形成的路径。分析发现，①在保护地管理发展过程中，社区认为其以往存在和国家公园的出现有利于资源的生计带动；②武夷山生态系统的意义首先在于其多样化的物质供给，其次是作为文化遗产和商品所带来精神满足，同时具有生态保护价值；③社区对利益分享规则的态度取决于规则在时空上的应用是否影响他们对生态系统意义所认定的优先次序。因此，研究提出一个用于规则形成的协商空间，从不同资源使用者利益认知角度引导其认知趋同，最终提高社区对规则的接受程度与行为规范，保证社会-生态系统的稳健性。



Abstract:China national parks aim to protect the integrity of ecosystems and provide the multiple services to different stakeholders, ensuring fair and sustainable benefit-sharing among them. In terms of community resource use, the fair and sustainable benefit sharing is based on the residents' acceptance of the benefit-sharing rules in the protected area management so as to adapt their behaviours for the robustness of the system. The key factor to affect rules acceptance and behaviours is how resource users assess resource values and how they form a common understanding of the value and make the behaviour helpful for system robustness. Based on the social-ecological system (SES) theory, this research applied an analytical framework that defined resource value and formed utilisation rules to analyse the context of resource value assessment, recognition of the meaning of the ecosystem and attitude to potential rules. We aim to understand the dynamics and mechanism of their "benefit" perception, the impact on the "robustness" of the SES from their corresponding behaviours and possible ways of forming rules which facilitate benefit sharing. The results showed that 1) the local communities judged the management efficiency of protected areas and the potential benefit of the national park primarily based on the function of livelihood support. 2) They perceived that the positive meaning of the Wuyishan ecosystem was to diversify provisioning services, but also admitted the importance of the psychological satisfaction brought by the cultural meaning and economic income, as well as the importance of conservation. 3) They related the acceptance of future management regulations to their spatio-temporal compatibility with the community-perceived priorities of ecosystem services. In order to ensure that new rules of a national park facilitate equity in benefit sharing and regulate behaviours to maintain the robustness of the social-ecological system, we proposed a negotiation space to form regulations through converging of perceptions of stakeholders.





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