摘要:探讨以虚拟耕地为载体的区际农业生态补偿原理，从两个层面（省际与省域内部市际）开展区际农业生态补偿支付/受偿面积和财政转移额度的测算，最后提出了以补偿管理平台为中介的"两横"财政转移路径。结果表明：①虚拟耕地调出地区付出了过多的经济、资源和生态代价，需要以虚拟耕地为载体对之进行生态补偿。可以根据虚拟耕地净流量进行支付/受偿区域划分和支付/受偿面积的确定。②在省际补偿方面，支付区域包括16个省份，其中支付虚拟耕地面积较大的省市主要分布在东部沿海地区和西南地区；受偿区域包括15个省份，其中受偿虚拟耕地面积较大的省市主要分布在东北地区、华北地区和西北地区。在省域内部市际补偿方面，支付虚拟耕地面积较大地市多为省域内经济发展水平相对较高的地市，受偿虚拟耕地面积较大的地市多为省域内经济发展水平相对较低、农业生产条件优越的地市。③无论是省际层面还是省域内部市际层面，受偿的额度和支付的额度均呈现集中分布的特点。在省际补偿方面，支付额度较大的广东、北京、浙江、上海、天津、江苏和湖北等省市在研究期内年均值超过25亿元；受偿额度较大的黑龙江、吉林、河南、内蒙古、安徽、山东、湖南和河北等省市在研究期内年均值超过40亿元。在省域内部市际补偿方面，江苏、河南和甘肃三省支付额度排名前二分之一地市的总额所占的比例都超过了80%，受偿额度排名前二分之一地市的总额所占的比例都超过70%。④"两横"支付网络通过两级支付管理平台的中介作用可以实现省际和省域内部市际两个层面的区际农业生态补偿跨区域转移。



Abstract:This paper discusses the principle of inter-regional agricultural ecological compensation based on a virtual cultivated land. and calculates the payment/reception area and financial transfer amount of inter-regional agricultural ecological compensation at two levels (inter-provincial and intra-provincial inter-city). Finally, it puts forward the "two horizontal" financial transfer path with compensation management platform as the intermediary.The results show that (1) the virtual cultivated land transfer area has paid excessive economic, resource and ecological costs, which need to be ecologically compensated by the virtual cultivated land as the carrier. In practice, the payment/reception region can be divided and payment/reception area can be calculated according to the net flow of virtual cultivated land.(2) In terms of inter-provincial compensation, the payment area consists of 16 provinces. among which the provinces with large virtual farmland area are mainly distributed in the eastern coastal areas and the southwestern region; The reception area contains 15 provinces, and the provinces and cities with large virtual cultivated land payment areas are mainly distributed in the north-eastern, north and north-western areas. In terms of inter-city compensation within a province, the cities with large payment areas of virtual cultivated land are mostly those with relatively high economic development levels within a province, the cities with large area of compensated virtual cultivated land are those with relatively low level of economic development and superior conditions of agricultural production conditions. (3) The amounts of compensation and payment are centralized at the provincial level or the inter-city level within a province. In terms of inter-provincial compensation, the average annual values for Guangdong, Beijing, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Tianjin, Jiangsu and Hubei provinces, and the municipalities with larger payment amounts exceeded 2.5 billion Yuan during the study period; and the average annual values for Heilongjiang, Jilin, Henan, Inner Mongolia, Anhui, Shandong, Hunan and Hebei provinces and municipalities with larger compensation amounts exceeded 4 billion Yuan. In terms of inter-provincial-inter-city compensation, the top 50% of the cities in Jiangsu, Henan and Gansu were responsible for more than 80% of the total payment and more than 70% of the total compensation amount. (4) The ‘two horizontal’ payment network can predict the inter-regional transfer of agricultural ecological compensation between provinces and cities within provinces via the intermediary role of the corresponding management platform.





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