摘要:生态补偿作为环境政策工具在环境保护和修复中发挥着重要作用，对山水林田湖草生态保护与修复也将起到支撑作用。通过梳理政府出资的生态补偿、市场化生态补偿以及政府和社会资本合作的生态补偿对山水林田湖草生态保护与修复的作用、实现的方式、适用的山水林田湖草生态保护与修复类型等，认为：政府出资的生态补偿，是山水林田湖草生态保护与修复的基础资金来源，尤其是针对在生态保护红线以内进行的生态保护与修复活动，市场主体无法通过生态保护与修复而实现营利，这时主要靠政府出资的生态补偿来实现生态保护与修复。市场化生态补偿是政府主导的生态补偿之外的重要手段，主要适用于能创造经济效益的生态保护与修复项目，它对于缓解财政支出压力，拓宽生态修复资金渠道和增加资本市场投资渠道都具有重要作用，是生态保护与修复融资的重要发展方向。政府与社会资本合作，可以充分发挥政府的统筹协调作用与市场的资源配置作用，各取所长，相互配合，共同致力于生态保护与修复。



Abstract:Eco-compensation plays an important role as an environmental policy tool in environmental protection and restoration, and it supports ecological protection and restoration of mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands. This study explored the role and mechanism of major types of eco-compensation in ecological protection and restoration of mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands, the means to achieve it, and the different scenarios in which it can be applied, and discussed the respective roles of government-funded ecological compensation, market-based ecological compensation, and public-private partnership ecological compensation. The following conclusions were drawn:government-funded ecological compensation is a fundamental source for ecological protection and restoration, and is especially applicable to restoration activities in environmental protection redlines; however, they do not receive much attention from financial institutions because of the non-profit nature of the activities. Market-based ecological compensation can contribute to the resolution of financing problems and improve compensation efficiency, and it is applicable to fields in which profits can be generated. It also expands the means for investment of private capital in this business. The public-private partnership ecological compensation can extend full support to the government's overall coordination role and market resource allocation in the promotion of ecological protection and restoration.





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