摘要:建立国家公园体制对我国自然保护地体系改革以及生态文明建设具有重要意义。然而，我国国家公园建设却面临着创新管理体制、确定资源权属、健全法律体系等诸多挑战。对标国际先进经验将有助于识别我国现有基础与最优目标之间的差距，发现国家公园建设与管理的薄弱环节与努力方向，推动适合我国国情的国家公园建设路径与管理模式的探索。为此，系统梳理了世界上不同国家的国家公园管理经验，并对国际上国家公园管理的最优实践进行了归纳总结。在此基础上，综合考虑我国国家公园建设的自身特点，构建了包含体制建设、保障机制、资源环境管理、社区管理和科普教育5方面共18项指标的国家公园管理能力评价指标体系，并对各项指标的最优标准进行了界定。基于该指标体系，提出了国家公园管理能力综合评价方法。该方法运用层次分析法和专家打分法确定各项指标权重及得分，通过加权求和得到国家公园管理能力的综合评分。基于最优实践的国家公园管理能力评价方法体系，在短期内将有助于判断国家公园体制试点的管理基础与建设潜力，为我国国家公园的甄别与遴选提供科学依据，在长期将为国家公园管理有效性评估体系的构建奠定基础，为我国国家公园管理质量的提升提供技术支撑。



Abstract:The establishment of a national park system is of great significance to the reform of the protected area scheme and the construction of ecological civilization in China. However, the development of national parks has been confronted with a series of challenges such as institutional innovation, natural resource registration, and legal system perfection. Learning from the advanced experience of other countries will help identify the gap between the current situation and the best standard while revealing weaknesses in the development and management of national parks, thereby promoting the exploration of optimized modes of construction and management for national parks in China. For this reason, this report systematically summarized the experience and best practices of national park management in different countries. Combining international best practices and China's requirements on national park construction, this report proposes an indicator system to evaluate the management capacity of national parks. The system contains a total of 18 indicators comprising five aspects:institutional construction, guarantee mechanism, natural resources and environment management, community management, and popular science and education. The highest standard of each indicator was then defined according to the best practice and a comprehensive method of evaluating national park management capacity was put forward. This method used the analytic hierarchy process and expert scoring method to determine the weight and the score of each indicator. A comprehensive score of national park management capacity was obtained by adding up the weighted score of each indicator. In the short term, this methodology based on best practices will aid in assessing the management basis and construction potential of pilot national parks in China, providing scientific guidance for the selection of national parks. In the long term, it will lay a foundation for establishing a methodology to evaluate the effectiveness of national park management, thereby providing technical support to improve the management capacity of national parks in China.





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