摘要:国家加大生态保护与建设力度背景下，我国西南喀斯特石漠化面积实现"持续净减少"，面临由传统高强度人为干扰向大规模自然恢复与人工造林的转变，石漠化治理也面临转型。现有喀斯特生态研究已阐明了喀斯特脆弱生态系统人为干扰退化机制，初步揭示了生态治理改善生态系统结构与功能的恢复机理，突破了保土集水与植被恢复的适应性石漠化治理技术与模式，评估了石漠化治理显著加速区域植被生长与恢复的固碳效应。但目前石漠化治理面临着治理成效巩固困难、治理技术与模式缺乏区域针对性、大规模低效人工林亟待改造、社会人文驱动机制不清等问题。未来喀斯特生态恢复应聚焦石漠化治理提质增效，从侧重单一生态要素、单一生态过程的研究向多要素综合、多过程综合以及喀斯特地表-地下过程耦合、景观格局与生态过程耦合、生态过程与生态系统服务耦合、自然与人文过程耦合等陆地表层系统集成的方向发展，为我国西南喀斯特地区石漠化治理与扶贫开发成效巩固、乡村振兴与美丽中国战略的实施提供科技支撑。



Abstract:Chinese government is doing increased efforts to protect ecosystems. The area of rocky desertification in Southwest China karst is undergoing continuous net reduction with the strengthening measures for the comprehensive control of rocky desertification treatment. Thus, the social and ecological conditions of this area are transforming from the previous high pressure of human disturbance to large-scale natural recovery and artificial afforestation. Hence, changes in rocky desertification treatment are also required. Given the need for scientific methodology and technical support for the comprehensive treatment of rocky desertification, current studies have revealed the degradation mechanisms of human disturbances to the fragile karst ecosystem, and conducted preliminary exploration of the restoration mechanisms of ecosystem structure and function improved by ecological management. On the basis of these studies, breakthroughs have occurred in the water and soil conservation and adaptive vegetation recovery technologies and measures for rocky desertification treatment. The effects of conservation and restoration on increased vegetation recovery and carbon sequestration in China karst areas that have been identified. In terms of the sustainability of karst ecological restoration, however, rocky desertification treatment faces new problems, such as the difficulties in the consolidation of ecological restoration and poverty alleviation, the lack of technology and measures targeted to karst ecosystem, the improvement for structures and functions of widely inefficient plantations, and the human factors behind the ecological restoration of karst ecosystem. Therefore, ecological conservation and restoration in China karst should focus on improving the quality and efficiency of rocky desertification treatment, pay more attention to the transformation from a single ecosystem component and process to the combination and integration of multiple components and processes, and couple the surface and subsurface processes of karst ecosystem, landscape patterns and processes, ecosystem processes and services, natural and social processes. The future karst ecology research will provide the scientific foundation for the consolidation of rocky desertification treatment and poverty alleviation, and the implementation of Beautiful China and Rural Revitalization strategies.





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